Abstract: Mehr als 150 Todesfälle in Hessen – Zwischenbilanz dennoch “positiv”

Abstract: Medikamentenkonsum im Alter. Suchtmittelexzesse sind im Alter seltener, jedoch häuft sich der Gebrauch von Medikamenten. Zwei Drittel aller Psychopharmaka werden an Personen über 60 Jahre verschrieben. Vor allem Heimbewohnende sind davon betroffen. Das emotional ungünstige Klima, die fehlende Zuwendung und leichtfertige Verschreibungen führen dazu, dass in Alters- und Pflegeheimen der Konsum von Sedativa und Hypnotika rund 40% höher ist als ausserhalb. Diese Erkenntnisse wurden an der Tagung der Konferenz der Kantonalen Beauftragten für Suchtfragen am 7. Juni in Luzern vorgestellt.

Abstract: Measures taken to reduce HIV risk by injecting drug users have been reported in many countries, but a minority of injectors continue to engage in risky practices. In an ongoing cohort study, 207 drug injectors were interviewed and anonymously tested for HIV antibodies in saliva in 1989. Injectors reporting recent syringe sharing were compared with those not recently sharing; injecting events where sharing did and did not take place were examined. Those recently sharing syringes differed significantly from the non-sharers on several factors, including: use of heroin, dihydrocodeine and temazepam; injection of heroin, temazepam and prescribed methadone; accommodation and contact with other injectors; means of financial support and recent involvement in crime; secondary sources of injecting equipment and unsafe disposal; employment of HIV protective strategies; treatment contact with general practitioners; number of sexual partners and injecting status of sexual partners. The two groups were not significantly different in terms of attendance at syringe-exchange schemes and self-reported HIV antibody status. Syringe sharing would appear to be related to social circumstances and life-style factors rather than just individual choices and motivation.

Abstract: MDFT is a family-based intervention for adolescent substance abuse and associated mental health and behavioural problems (Liddle, 2010). Integrative in several ways, MDFT uses an ecological or contextual conceptual framework to understand the developmental tasks of teens and their families. Research-derived knowledge about risk and protective factors, and proximal causes, correlates and contributors to adolescent drug and related problems inform clinical thinking and interventions with every case. A multisystems approach, MDFT assesses and intervenes in four areas: (1) the adolescent as an individual and a member of a family and peer network; (2) the parent(s), both as individual adults and in his or her role as mother, father or caregiver; (3) the family environment and family relationships, as manifested in day-to-day family transactional patterns; and (4) extrafamilial sources of influence such as peers, school and juvenile justice. Interventions are made within and coordinated across domains. Progress in one area or with one person has implications for and use in others. Individual meetings with parent(s) and teen set the stage for family sessions, and family meetings may offer content and new outcomes that need to be brought to extrafamily meetings with juvenile justice or school personnel. MDFT was developed and tested as a treatment system rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. A treatment system offers different versions of a clinical model that vary according to factors such as clinical sample characteristics (older versus younger adolescents, juvenile justice involved versus no involvement in juvenile justice systems), and treatment parameters (type of clinical setting and treatment dose).

Abstract: Même s’ils sont régulièrement employés dans le débat public, les termes de libéralisation, légalisation, dépénalisation, décriminalisation, contraventionnalisation n’ont pas toujours de définition communément admise. Certaines notions couramment utilisées n’ont ni définition générale consacrée par les dictionnaires de langue française, ni valeur juridique, dès lors qu’elles décrivent des processus de décision politique. L’utilisation de ces termes est donc fluctuante et, souvent, équivoque. Conçu grâce aux références citées en bibliographie et avec l’aide de juristes, ce lexique rassemble quelques propositions de définitions des principaux termes utilisés dans les débats récurrents relatifs au statut légal du cannabis. Il est suivi d’un aperçu des législations sur l’usage et la détention de cannabis en vigueur en France et en Europe.