Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease (Vol. 47). Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Abstract: These recommendations are an expansion of previous recommendations for the prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that focused on screening and follow-up of blood, plasma, organ, tissue, and semen donors (CDC. Public Health Service inter-agency guidelines for screening donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, and semen for evidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C. MMWR 1991;40No. RR-4;1-17). The recommendations in this report provide broader guidelines for a) preventing transmission of HCV; b) identifying, counseling, and testing persons at risk for HCV infection; and c) providing appropriate medical evaluation and management of HCV-infected persons. Based on currently available knowledge, these recommendations were developed by CDC staff members after consultation with experts who met in Atlanta during July 15-17, 1998. This report is intended to serve as a resource for health-care professionals, public health officials, and organizations involved in the development, delivery, and evaluation of prevention and clinical services.
Keywords: public health; prevention; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C virus; recommendations or guidelines
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WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2009). Evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm. Copenhagen: Author.
Abstract: There is a substantial evidence base on the effectiveness of different policies in reducing the harm done by alcohol. Policies that regulate the economic and physical availability of alcohol are effective in reducing alcohol-related harm. Enforced legislative measures to reduce drinking and driving and interventions individually directed to drinkers already at risk are also effective. The evidence shows that information and education programmes do not reduce alcohol-related harm; nevertheless, they have a role in providing information, reframing alcohol-related problems and increasing attention to alcohol on the political and public agendas. In all parts of the European Union, population-based interventions represent a highly cost– effective use of resources to reduce alcohol-related harm. Brief interventions for individual high-risk drinkers are also cost–effective, but are harder to scale up because of their associated training and manpower needs.
Keywords: prevention; alcohol abuse; harm reduction; cost-benefit analysis; public policy on health; health promotion
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Rolles, S. (2009). After the war on drugs : blueprint for regulation (E. Crick, M. Haden, M. Jay, D. Kushlick, & A. Robertson, Eds.). Bristol: Transform Drug Policy Foundation.
Abstract: There is a growing recognition around the world that the prohibition of drugs is a counterproductive failure. However, a major barrier to drug law reform has been a widespread fear of the unknown – just what could a post-prohibition regime look like? For the first time, ‘After the War on Drugs: Blueprint for Regulation’ answers that question by proposing specific models of regulation for each main type and preparation of prohibited drug, coupled with the principles and rationale for doing so. We demonstrate that moving to the legal regulation of drugs is not an unthinkable, politically impossible step in the dark, but a sensible, pragmatic approach to control drug production, supply and use.
Keywords: government and politics; public policy on AOD; AOD supply; AOD use; illicit drug; illegal production of drugs; drug dealing; drug trafficking; laws and regulations; drug decriminalization; international area; United Kingdom
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Rolles, S. (2009). After the war on drugs : blueprint for regulation : executive summary (E. Crick, M. Haden, M. Jay, D. Kushlick, & A. Robertson, Eds.). Bristol: Transform Drug Policy Foundation.
Abstract: There is a growing recognition around the world that the prohibition of drugs is a counterproductive failure. However, a major barrier to drug law reform has been a widespread fear of the unknown – just what could a post-prohibition regime look like? For the first time, ‘After the War on Drugs: Blueprint for Regulation’ answers that question by proposing specific models of regulation for each main type and preparation of prohibited drug, coupled with the principles and rationale for doing so. We demonstrate that moving to the legal regulation of drugs is not an unthinkable, politically impossible step in the dark, but a sensible, pragmatic approach to control drug production, supply and use.
Keywords: government and politics; public policy on AOD; AOD supply; AOD use; illicit drug; illegal production of drugs; drug dealing; drug trafficking; laws and regulations; drug decriminalization; international area; United Kingdom
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Corkery, J. M. (2013). Analysis of the data sources, numbers and characteristics of cocaine-related DRD cases reported in special mortality registries, or eventually in general mortality registries (GMR) when necessary. Lisbon; Hertfordshire: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Prevalence, Consequences and Data Management Unit; University of Hertfordshire.
Abstract: There have been increased numbers of cocaine-related deaths reported in some European countries since the early 1990s and there are indications that cocaine deaths are more difficult to define, detect and record as such in mortality registries, and more particularly in some countries’ General Mortality Registries due to coding practices. This project aimed to describe the trend in numbers of cocaine-related deaths reported to mortality registries over 15 years in some European countries. In addition, it aimed to provide information on the demographic and drug-use characteristics of recent cases. Nineteen countries responded to a survey on cocaine-related deaths. The identification and coding of cocaine-related deaths varies across registers and across countries. The study shows that during the 2000s there was an increasing upward trend in the numbers of these deaths, followed by a decline in most countries. By far, most deaths were reported in the UK and Spain. Most victims were males (7-9 in 10), in their late 20s or early 30s, having often used cocaine with opioids and sometimes with more drugs. Most of the reported cases died of an overdose. The report also calls for further examination of deaths indirectly related to cocaine use.
Keywords: AOD use pattern; AODR mortality; AOD overdose; illicit drug; cocaine; opioids in any form; demographic characteristics; statistical data; survey; international area; Europe
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2007). World drug report 2007. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
Abstract: The World Drug Report presents the most comprehensive statistical view of today’s illicit drug situation. This year’s edition reports signs of long-term containment of the global problem. However, the overall trend masks contrasting regional situations, which the report examines in detail. For instance, while an impressive multi-year reduction in opium poppy cultivation continued in South-East Asia, Afghanistan recorded a large increase in 2006. More interceptions of cocaine and heroin shipments across the world have played an important part in stabilizing the market. However, as we witness successes in some areas, challenges appear in others. Although drug abuse levels are stabilizing globally, countries along major and new trafficking routes, such as those now going through Africa, may face increasing levels of drug consumption. The World Drug Report 2007 also discusses a possible method to better assess and monitor the role played by organized crime in transnational drug trafficking.
Keywords: illicit drug; drug market; drug trafficking; addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; illegal production of drugs; illicit drug industry; AOD consumption; AOD use; statistical data; opium; cannabis; heroin; cocaine; amphetamines; history; international area; annual report
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2009). World drug report 2009. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
Abstract: The World Drug Report presents comprehensive information on the illicit drug situation. It provides detailed estimates and trends on production, trafficking and consumption in the opium/heroin, coca/cocaine, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants markets. This year, for the first time, the World Drug Report includes special feature sections on the quality of drug data available to UNODC, trends in drug use among young people and police-recorded drug offences. It also discusses one the most formidable unintended consequences of drug control – the black market for drugs – and how the international community best can tackle it.
Keywords: illicit drug; drug market; drug trafficking; addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; illegal production of drugs; illicit drug industry; search and seizure; target group; adolescent; law enforcement; drug offense; AOD consumption; AOD use; statistical data; international area; annual report
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2009). World drug report 2009 : executive summary. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
Abstract: The World Drug Report presents comprehensive information on the illicit drug situation. It provides detailed estimates and trends on production, trafficking and consumption in the opium/heroin, coca/cocaine, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants markets. This year, for the first time, the World Drug Report includes special feature sections on the quality of drug data available to UNODC, trends in drug use among young people and police-recorded drug offences. It also discusses one the most formidable unintended consequences of drug control – the black market for drugs – and how the international community best can tackle it.
Keywords: illicit drug; drug market; drug trafficking; addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; illegal production of drugs; illicit drug industry; search and seizure; target group; adolescent; law enforcement; drug offense; AOD consumption; AOD use; statistical data; international area; annual report
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2008). World drug report 2008. Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
Abstract: The World Drug Report presents comprehensive information on the illicit drug situation. It provides detailed estimates and trends on production, trafficking and consumption in the opium/heroin, coca/cocaine, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants markets. The drug problem is being contained but there are warning signs that the stabilisation which has occurred over the last few years could be in danger. Notable amongst these is the increase in both opium poppy and coca cultivation in 2007, some growth in consumption in developing countries and some development of new trafficking patterns. There have also been encouraging contractions in some of the main consumer markets. This year, almost one hundred years since the Shanghai Opium Commission in 1909, the Report presents an historical review of the development of the international drug control system.
Keywords: illicit drug; drug market; drug trafficking; addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; illegal production of drugs; illicit drug industry; law enforcement; drug offense; AOD consumption; AOD use; statistical data; opium; history; international area; annual report
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Gasser, D. (1994). Rave new world : mit Ecstasy durchs Wunderland der 90er = Rave new world : avec Ecstasy à travers le pays des merveilles des années 90. Zürich: Sacco Film.
Abstract: The video contains a compilation with scenes from different rave parties all over the world. It includes interviews with Mr. Mike (DJ & Producer), Dani Gasser (Video Producer), some drug and music experts and a lot of partypeople about techno and ecstasy. A lot of scenes are from the legendary rave partys @ altes Gugelmannareal in Roggwil, Switzerland. The spoken language is Swiss-German. Backcover information: Technopartys, the drug ecstasy and endless dancing young persons dominate the music – and youth culture of the 90’s. In the Western European metropolises flow weekend for weekend thousands of young persons to eternally long dance marathons. They are the new rituals, they are the life feeling of this culture. Who can be stuck on from this movement virus knows that dance will never more be like it once was... What “Flowerpower” for the early 70’s was is Techno for the 90’s. Like that time before the break-through of popmusic, encounters the Techno culture in traditional circles on skepticism, on lack of understanding and refusal. The film focuses between fascination and border experience the life feeling of this raving scene and techno generation. Young persons report of their experiences with the music and ecstasy, scene experts and specialists inform about culture and drugs. The movie was filmed in Basel, Roggwil, Zurich, Lausanne and other locations in Switzerland. It plays also in Amsterdam, Berlin, Barcelona, Cologne, Milan and somewhere in Europe and all the metropolises of the world.
Keywords: other media; videotape; rave; nightlife; music; AOD use; ecstasy; MDMA; international area; Mr. Mike; Gasser, Dani; interview; documentary
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