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Bailly, Daniel; Binder, Philippe; Choquet, Marie; Facy, Françoise; Feger, Jean; Ferrand, Isabelle; Hervé, Denis; Jouglard, Jacqueline; Kintz, Pascal; Kokoreff, Michel; Mignon, Patrick; Simon, Hervé |
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Title |
Ecstasy : des données biologiques et cliniques aux contextes d'usage |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1997 |
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243, annexes |
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addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; ecstasy |
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Abstract |
L’ecstasy (MDMA) fait partie d’un ensemble de drogues de synthèse, produits psychostimulants utilisés par de jeunes adultes dans le cadre d’un certain mode de vie. La rencontre avec un courant musical semble bien avoir décuplé sa diffusion dans les milieux de la jeunesse branchée, jusqu’à en faire un véritable « phénomène » qui est l’objet de préocupation pour les différents acteurs de prévention. Analyser et valider les connaissances scientifiques disponibles sur le plan mondial représente une étape préalable indispensable à la mise en place d’actions de prévention. Il s’agit de présenter les caractéristiques du produit, de préciser les risques de sa consommation et les motivations et contexte de son usage, afin de donner des moyens pour combattre et/ou gérer son utilisation. Cependant, connaître les déterminants psychologiques qui induisent la consommation d’un tel produit est un autre aspect du problème, tout aussi important pour la prévention primaire, et qui n’a pas été abordé dans ce travail. Dire que l’on ne sait rien aujourd’hui sur les risques de la consommation d’ecstasy serait faux, mais dire que l’on sait tout serait tout aussi faux. Les très nombreux travaux réalisés chez l’animal ont permis de comprendre le mécanisme d’action de la molécule de MDMA sur le système nerveux central. Démontrer chez l’homme, comme cela est fait chez le singe, l’atteinte neuronale irréversible demeure un enjeu capital, puisque peu de drogues peuvent entraîner de tels effets. L’analyse approfondie des données cliniques publiées permet de conclure à l’imputabilité de la molécule de MDMA dans l’apparition chez l’utilisateur d’un certain nombre d’effets toxiques à expression périphérique, en particulier lorsque l’analyse toxicologique confirme la présence exclusive de MDMA dans le sang ou les urines. Le syndrome d’hyperthermie, complication grave et immédiate, est dans ce cadre bien documenté, de même que d’autres pathologies comme les hépatites qui peuvent apparaître après plusieurs prises. En l’absence d’une mise en évidence directe de lésions neuronales, l’imputabilité très probable de la MDMA dans l’apparition de troubles psychiatriques et cognitifs ne peut être déduite que de l’observation de leur fréquence chez des consommateurs réguliers d’ecstasy. Si les effets psychotropes recherchés sont souvent dépendants du contexte d’usage, le plus souvent festif, les effets délétères semblent bien répondre à des susceptiblilités individuelles dont les bases biologiques restent encore à définir. Savoir si la MDMA peut induire chez le consommateur une dépendance est également une question essentielle, que jusqu’à maintenant les travaux réalisés chez le rat n’ont pas permis de résoudre, tout en apportant la preuve des potentialités toxicomanogènes de la molécule. Même si une polyconsommation est très souvent évoquée dans les travaux, il se dégage néanmoins un profil sociologique des consommateurs qui les différencie des usagers d’autres drogues comme l’héroïne... |
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Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) |
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Paris |
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Etiemble, Jeanne; Prigent, Marie-José; Chollet-Przednowed, Emmanuelle; Grellier, Chantale; Bizard, Jean-Baptiste |
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French |
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50-10623 |
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54490 |
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Author |
Baker, Richard H.; Tait, Clare; Fraser, Robin C. |
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Title |
Use of benzodiazepines |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
British medical journal |
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Volume |
309 |
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6951; 06.08.1994 |
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412 |
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Keywords |
letter to the editor |
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0959-535x; 0959-8146 |
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1 Physisch vorhanden |
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50-13202 |
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60019 |
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Author |
Balavoine, Michael; Casselyn, Marina |
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Title |
Nouvelles addictions : première consultation personnalisée à Genève |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Revue médicale suisse |
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3 |
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98; 14.02.2007 |
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2 |
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Keywords |
counseling service; AOD user; nonchemical addiction; pathological gambling; risk-taking behavior; interview; Nouvelles addictions, nouvelles thérapies (body); Geneva (canton) |
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1660-9379 |
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50-13203 |
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60020 |
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Ball, Andrew; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Donoghoe, Martin C.; Friedman, Samual R.; Goldberg, David; Hunter, Gillian M.; Stimson, Gerry V.; Wodak, Alex |
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Title |
Programme on substance abuse : multi-city study on drug Injecting and risk of HIV infection : a report prepared on behalf of the WHO international collaborative group |
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Report |
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Year |
1994 |
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231 |
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Keywords |
health promotion; HIV infection; Aids |
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World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Geneva |
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no |
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07.01-122 |
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55826 |
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Author |
Ball, Andrew; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Donoghoe, Martin C.; Friedman, Samual R.; Goldberg, David; Hunter, Gillian M.; Stimson, Gerry V.; Wodak, Alex |
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Title |
Programme on substance abuse : multi-city study on drug Injecting and risk of HIV infection : a report prepared on behalf of the WHO international collaborative group (Appendix 1-2) |
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Report |
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1994 |
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143-172 |
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Keywords |
health promotion; HIV infection; Aids; international area |
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Abstract |
also available of this report: chapter 1-2: 50-00537 chapter 3-4: 50-00538 chapter 5: 50-00539 chapter 6-8: 50-00540 appendix 3: 50-00535 appendix 4-5: 50-00536 |
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World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Geneva |
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English |
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no |
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50-00534 |
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56119 |
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Ball, Andrew; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Donoghoe, Martin C.; Friedman, Samual R.; Goldberg, David; Hunter, Gillian M.; Stimson, Gerry V.; Wodak, Alex |
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Title |
Programme on substance abuse : multi-city study on drug Injecting and risk of HIV infection : a report prepared on behalf of the WHO international collaborative group (Appendix 3) |
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Report |
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1994 |
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173-202 |
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Keywords |
health promotion; HIV infection; Aids; international area |
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Abstract |
also available of this report: chapter 1-2: 50-00537 chapter 3-4: 50-00538 chapter 5: 50-00539 chapter 6-8: 50-00540 appendix 1-2: 50-00534 appendix 4-5: 50-00536 |
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World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Geneva |
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English |
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50-00535 |
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56120 |
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Ball, Andrew; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Donoghoe, Martin C.; Friedman, Samual R.; Goldberg, David; Hunter, Gillian M.; Stimson, Gerry V.; Wodak, Alex |
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Title |
Programme on substance abuse : multi-city study on drug Injecting and risk of HIV infection : a report prepared on behalf of the WHO international collaborative group (appendix 4-5) |
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Report |
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1994 |
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203-231 |
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Keywords |
health promotion; HIV infection; Aids; international area |
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Abstract |
also available of this report: chapter 1-2: 50-00537 chapter 3-4: 50-00538 chapter 5: 50-00539 chapter 6-8: 50-00540 appendix 1-2: 50-00534 appendix 3: 50-00535 |
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World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Geneva |
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English |
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50-00536 |
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56121 |
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Ball, Andrew; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Donoghoe, Martin C.; Friedman, Samual R.; Goldberg, David; Hunter, Gillian M.; Stimson, Gerry V.; Wodak, Alex |
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Title |
Programme on substance abuse : multi-city study on drug Injecting and risk of HIV infection : a report prepared on behalf of the WHO international collaborative group (Chapter 1-2) |
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1994 |
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i-vi, 1 |
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health promotion; HIV infection; Aids; international area |
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Abstract |
also available of this report: chapter 3-4: 50-00538 chapter 5: 50-00539 chapter 6-8: 50-00540 appendix 1-2: 50-00534 appendix 3: 50-00535 appendix 4-5: 50-00536 |
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World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Geneva |
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50-00537 |
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56122 |
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Ball, Andrew; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Donoghoe, Martin C.; Friedman, Samual R.; Goldberg, David; Hunter, Gillian M.; Stimson, Gerry V.; Wodak, Alex |
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Title |
Programme on substance abuse : multi-city study on drug Injecting and risk of HIV infection : a report prepared on behalf of the WHO international collaborative group (Chapter 3-4) |
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1994 |
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27-70 |
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Keywords |
health promotion; HIV infection; Aids; international area |
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Abstract |
also available of this report: chapter 1-2: 50-00537 chapter 5: 50-00539 chapter 6-8: 50-00540 appendix 1-2: 50-00534 appendix 3: 50-00535 appendix 4-5: 50-00536 |
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World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Geneva |
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50-00538 |
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56123 |
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Ball, Andrew; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Donoghoe, Martin C.; Friedman, Samual R.; Goldberg, David; Hunter, Gillian M.; Stimson, Gerry V.; Wodak, Alex |
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Title |
Programme on substance abuse : multi-city study on drug Injecting and risk of HIV infection : a report prepared on behalf of the WHO international collaborative group (Chapter 5) |
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Report |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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71-108 |
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Keywords |
health promotion; HIV infection; Aids; international area |
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Abstract |
also available of this report: chapter 1-2: 50-00537 chapter 3-4: 50-00538 chapter 6-8: 50-00540 appendix 1-2: 50-00534 appendix 3: 50-00535 appendix 4-5: 50-00536 |
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World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Geneva |
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English |
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50-00539 |
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56124 |
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