Observatoire européen des drogues et des toxicomanies. (2005). Rapport annuel 2005 : état du phénomène de la drogue en Europe. Luxembourg: Office des publications officielles des communautés européennes.
Abstract: The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures.
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; public policy on illicit drugs; other drug laws; cannabis; MDMA; ecstasy; LSD; cocaine; crack cocaine; intravenous injection; opioids in any form; piperazine; ketamine; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; communicable disease; AODR mortality; Europe; annual report
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Beck, F., Legleye, S., Maillochon, F., & De Peretti, G. (2009). La question du genre dans l'analyse des pratiques addictives à travers le Baromètre santé, France, 2005. Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire thématique, (10-11, numéro thématique : Femmes et addictions;), 90–93.
Abstract: Objectifs – Évaluer l’influence du genre sur les usages de substances psychoactives parmi les adultes en France, suivant le niveau d’éducation, le statut face à l’emploi, la profession et catégorie sociale. Méthode – Le Baromètre santé 2005 est une enquête téléphonique nationale représentative des 12-75 ans suivant un sondage à deux degrés (ménages, individus) incluant les téléphones portables. Cette étude est centrée sur les 24 674 individus âgés de 18 à 64 ans. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de régressions logistiques ajustées sur l’âge et trois indicateurs de situation sociale. Résultats – Les niveaux d’usage sont plus élevés parmi les hommes. Pour les deux sexes, une surconsommation de tabac est liée au chômage. La consommation d’alcool et l’ivresse alcoolique sont plus communes parmi les hommes sans emploi, mais pas parmi les femmes, chez qui la consommation d’alcool, l’ivresse et le cannabis sont plus fréquents chez les cadres que chez les ouvriers, ce qui n’est pas le cas pour les hommes. Des résultats similaires sont observés pour le niveau de diplôme, associé à des consommations plus élevées d’alcool, des ivresses plus fréquentes et un usage de cannabis plus répandu parmi les femmes, mais moins élevé parmi les hommes. Par conséquent, pour ces usages, les écarts entre les hommes et les femmes diminuent avec l’élévation du milieu social, quel que soit l’indicateur retenu. Conclusion – Les hommes sont généralement plus consommateurs de drogues que les femmes, mais l’ampleur de la différence varie suivant le milieu social : lorsqu’ils occupent des positions plus favorables, les hommes tendent à adopter des comportements d’usages plus raisonnables, tandis que les femmes ont tendance à les « masculiniser ». Gender issue in the analysis of addictive behaviours observed in the Baromètre santé study, France, 2005 Objectives – Assess the influence of gender on the use of psychoactive substances among adults in France depending on the level of education, and employment, occupational, and social status. Method – The present study (Baromètre santé) is a national representative telephone survey conducted in 2005 (two stages sample, household and individuals, mobile phones included) among 12-75-years-old. It focuses on 24,674 subjects aged 18-64 years. The data were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted on age and three social status indicators. Results – Psychoactive substances use is more prevalent in men. For both sexes, over-consumption of tobacco is related to unemployment. alcohol consumption and drunkenness are more common among unemployed men but not among women, in whom along with cannabis, they are more frequent among senior executives than among unskilled workers, which is not the case for men. Similar results are observed about the level of education, which is linked to a greater level of alcohol and cannabis use among women, but lower among men. Therefore, the gap between genders narrows as the social status increases, whatever the indicator used. Conclusion – Men generally consume more drugs than women, but the extent of differences varies depending on the social environment: when they have more favorable occupations, men tend to adopt more reasonable behaviours, whereas women’s behaviours tend to compare with men’s behaviours.
Keywords: gender; AOD use; alcoholic beverage; tobacco product; cannabis product; addictive drug; addictive behavior
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André, G., & Bleeker, M. (1993). Question no 15-18 (Nettoyages des seringues/partage/lieu de procuration). In Approche de la prévention du SIDA en milieu nocturne (pp. 90–91). Morges: Association du Relais.
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Schatz, E. (2004). Country guide : Czech Republic, Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland. Amsterdam: AC Company (European Network for the Target Group of Mobile Drug Users).
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Schatz, E. (2001). Guide : Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. Amsterdam: AC Company (European Network for the Target Group of Mobile Drug Users).
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Telser, H., Hauck, A., & Fischer, B. (2010). Alkoholbedingte Kosten am Arbeitsplatz : Schlussbericht für das Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG und die Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt (SUVA). Olten: Polynomics.
Keywords: addiction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; workplace context; economic cost of AODU; AOD use as accident factor; AOD effects and consequences; prevention; violence; statistical data; survey; literature review; Switzerland
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Burkhart, G. (2010). Prevention and evaluation resources kit (PERK) : a manual for prevention professionals (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Ed.). Manuals. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: This manual compiles basic but evidence-based prevention principles, planning rules and evaluation tips. Additionally, it provides related documentation or references for download; it is hoped that this additional material will be particularly useful for readers who have difficulty accessing the scientific prevention literature. To illustrate the theoretical discussion, an intervention example, partly based on a real-life situation, gives a practical perspective.
Keywords: prevention; assessment; program planning, implementation, and evaluation; program planning; program implementation; program evaluation; prevention outcome; training manual
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Office of National Drug Control Policy. (2011). National drug control strategy 2011 (Office of National Drug Control Policy, Ed.). Washington: Executive Office of the President of the United States.
Keywords: prevention; treatment and maintenance; law enforcement; government and politics; AOD public policy strategy; public policy on AOD; public policy on illicit drugs; addiction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; AODR crime; drug dealing; drug trafficking; illegal production of drugs; illicit drug industry; drug market; prevention through education; adolescent; cooperation; United States; international area
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Gerstein, D. R., Johnson, R. A., Harwood, H. J., Fountain, D., Suter, N., & Malloy, K. (1994). Evaluating recovery services : the California drug and alcohol treatment assessment (CALDATA) : general report (N. O. R. Center, & Lewin-VHI, Eds.). Sacramento: California Department of alcohol and Drug Programs.
Abstract: The cost of treating approximately 150,000 participants represented by the CALDATA study sample in 1992 was $209 million. Each day of treatment paid for itself on the day it was received, primarily through an avoidance of crime. The benefits of alcohol and other drug treatment outweighed the costs of treatment by ratios from 4:1 to greater than 12:1, depending on the type of treatment. Benefits after treatment persisted through the second year of follow-up for the limited number of participants followed for as long as 2 years. This suggests that projected cumulative lifetime benefits of treatment will be substantially higher than the shorter-term figures. The level of criminal activity declined by two-thirds from before treatment to after treatment. The greater the length of time spent in treatment, the greater the percentage of reduction in criminal activity. Declines of approximately two-fifths also occurred in the use of alcohol and other drugs from before treatment to after treatment. Approximately one-third reductions in hospitalizations were reported from before treatment to after treatment. For each type of treatment studied, there were slight or no differences in effectiveness based on gender, age, or ethnicity. Overall, treatment did not have a positive effect on the economic situation of the participants during the study period. 38 tables and 11 figures
Keywords: treatment and maintenance
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Bundesamt für Gesundheit. (2003). Nationales HIV/Aids-Programm 2004-2008. Bern: Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG).
Abstract: Das Programm gibt eine Übersicht über die Aids Arbeit in der Schweiz, die aktuelle Situation und die Herausforderungen und dient den Akteuren im Bereich HIV/Aids als Referenz.
Keywords: health promotion; prevention program; HIV infection; Aids; history; epidemiology; strategy; Switzerland
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