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Lavoyer-Bünzli, J. (1997). Projekt : Terminologie illegale Drogen : BAGVertrag Nr. 316.97.6032 : erstes Terminologisches Treffen : zeitlicher und inhaltlicher Rahmen. In erstes Terminologisches Treffen (79). ETchanger.
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Felchlin, J., & Müller, E. (1996). Drogenpolitische Szenarien (Bundesamt für Gesundheitswesen, Ed.). Bern: Bundesamt für Gesundheitswesen (BAG), Subkommission Drogenfragen der Eidgenössischen Betäubungsmittelkommission.
Keywords: government and politics; Switzerland
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Toronto Harm Reduction Task Force. (2003). Peer manual : a guide for peer workers and agencies. Toronto: Author.
Keywords: peer; training manual; harm reduction; program planning; personnel management; communication; evaluation; recommendations or guidelines; Canada
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Schweizerische Bundeskanzlei (Ed.). (2004). Der Bund kurz erklärt : 2004. Bern: Schweizerische Bundeskanzlei, Informationsdienst.
Keywords: government and politics; Switzerland
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Uchtenhagen, A., Schaaf, S., & Berger, C. (2000). Reinsertion professionnelle des toxicomanes (projet EUREHA) : état des lieux et résultats d'une étude sur tous les Etats membres du Groupe Pompidou (Groupe Pompidou, Ed.). Strasbourg: Council of Europe; Groupe Pompidou.
Keywords: social services
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Haltmayer, H. (2003). Virushepatitis. In E. Beubler, H. Haltmayer, & A. Springer (Eds.), Opiatabhängigkeit : interdisziplinäre Aspekte für die Praxis (pp. 79–86). Wien: Springer.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis
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Hunt, N., Ashton, M., Lenton, S., Mitcheson, L., Nelles, B., & Stimson, G. (2003). A review of the evidence-base for harm reduction approaches to drug use. London: Forward Thinking on Drugs.
Abstract: This document, from Forward Thinking on Drugs, details the theory and practice of harm reduction and evaluates its effectiveness. The first section of the document outlines what harm reduction is, including its main principles, and addresses key criticisms. The second section of the document outlines key harm reduction interventions, including: needle and syringe programmes; methadone and other replacement therapies; depenalisation; information, education and communication; safer injecting and other drug consumption rooms; and motivational interviewing. The paper outlines three key findings from the evidence. Firstly, harm reduction works, especially methadone and other replacement therapies, and needle and syringe programmes. The author argues that these should be considered for adoption in regions where they are currently unavailable. Secondly, harm reduction programmes show promise and require cautious, monitored, and locally adapted expansion. Finally, the author finds that harm reduction interventions are widely used yet under-researched, especially those which include information, education and communication programmes, and motivational interviewing approaches to conventional harm reduction targets such as HIV prevention. The author concludes that the best response is to develop better evidence in order to discard approaches that do not work and develop and disseminate those that do.
Keywords: harm reduction; health and disease; risk; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; HIV infection; Aids; viral hepatitis; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; AOD overdose; AOD use and driving; AODR crime; AODR violence; needle distribution and exchange; prison; sex worker; treatment and maintenance; drug substitution therapy; heroin-assisted treatment; cost (economic); cost-effectiveness; education; injection room; motivational interviewing; physical and chemical analysis and measurement; international area
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Leonard, L., Forrester, L., Navarro, C., Hansen, J., & Doucet, C. (1999). The effectiveness of needle exchange programs in modifying HIV-related outcomes : a systematic review of the evidence 1997-1999 : Infectious disease, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS. Ottawa: University of Ottawa, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Community Health Research Unit.
Abstract: Objective To examine the effectiveness of needle exchange programs (NEPs) in modifying HIV-related outcomes in injection drug users (IDUs). Methods On-line computer searches of six electronic databases, hand searches of core journals and relevant studies, combined with key informant suggestions at the federal and front line level for potentially relevant studies, and review of local and community publications, resulted in the retrieval of 84 studies from 1997 to 1999 related to the effectiveness of needle exchange programs. The HIV-related outcomes of interest examined were behavioural (modifications in HIV-risk-related injection practices) and end-point physical health status outcomes (changes in rates of HIV, hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) seroprevalence or incidence) at either the population (most frequently, city; less frequently, country) or individual level. Results Relevance and quality assessment reviews resulted in the inclusion in this review of 21 relevant but largely methodologically weak primary studies. From the evidence of these primary studies, NEPs appear to continue to be effective in modifying most HIV risk-related injection practices although engagement in sharing drug preparation equipment continues. The earlier protective effect of NEP attendance against HIV, HBV and HCV seroconversion has not been consistently sustained. However, NEPs appear to be effective in attracting a group of IDUs experiencing higher HIV risk conditions and who are thereby at increased risk for HIV infection. Conclusions NEPs appear well positioned, as an accessible service, to continue to offer the knowledge and the means to modify engagement in HIV-risk-related injection practices. Enhanced programming is needed to address the documented continued sharing of injection preparation equipment, to modify engagement in a potentially effective, yet largely unrecognized, method of HIV transmission. The potential role of NEPs to expand and diversify as an acceptable comprehensive health resource for a marginalized group of people for whom mainstream health care has not always been easily accessible must be realized.
Keywords: harm reduction; needle distribution and exchange; prevention; HIV infection; impact of policy or law; Canada
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Siegrist, S., Allenbach, R., Cavegn, M., & Niemann, S. (2005). SINUS-Report 2005 : Sicherheitsniveau und Unfallgeschehen im Strassenverkehr 2004. Bern: Beratungsstelle für Unfallverhütung (BFU).
Keywords: AOD use and driving; alcohol; monitoring; Switzerland; annual report
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Lecompte, J., Perreault, E., Venne, M., & Lavandier, K. - A. (2002). Impacts de la toxicomanie maternelle sur le développement de l'enfant et portrait des services existants au Québec. Québec: Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux du Québec (MSSS), Comité permanent de lutte à la toxicomanie (CPLT).
Abstract: On sait depuis longtemps que l’alcool est contre-indiqué chez la femme enceinte mais quels sont les risques réels pour le foetus? Et qu’en est-il des autres produits les plus rencontrés tels la cocaïne, les benzodiazépines, le cannabis et l’héroïne? Le traitement par substitution à la méthadone est-il sans conséquence pour l’enfant à naître? Quels sont les problèmes présentés par le nouveau-né lorsqu’il y a toxicomanie ou polytoxicomanie maternelle pendant la grossesse? Ces bébés requièrent-ils des soins particuliers? Comment se développeront ces enfants? Travaillant depuis plusieurs années en périnatalité auprès de parents toxicomanes et de leurs enfants, les auteures ont voulu répondre à ces questions. Elles analysent les différents psychotropes sous l’angle des impacts qu’ils peuvent avoir à tous les niveaux pendant la période foetale, néo-natale, la petite enfance et ainsi jusqu’à l’âge adulte. Au-delà des substances consommées par la mère, elles considèrent l’environnement familial comme un facteur déterminant pour le développement de l’enfant. Elles présentent les services québécois de soutien à ces familles ainsi que certains programmes novateurs, ici et à l’étranger. Leur réflexion se poursuit sur le besoin de développer des services spécifiques de soutien à cette clientèle. Les auteurs recommandent aussi que des recherches québécoises dans ce domaine soient initiées.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; cocaine; benzodiazepines; cannabis; heroin; treatment and maintenance; methadone maintenance; AOD induced risk; pregnancy; child; family; Canada; Québec; drug substitution therapy
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