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Cox, G. M., Lawless, M. C., Cassin, S. P., & Geoghegan, T. W. (2000). Syringe exchanges : a public health response to problem drug use. Irish Medical Journal, 93(5), 143–146.
Abstract: This paper presents the findings of the first ever Irish follow-up study to establish the effectiveness of syringe exchanges as a harm reduction strategy in the context of public health. The study was conducted in collaboration with 370 injecting drug users who attended the Merchant’s Quay Project’s Health Promotion Unit between May 1st 1997 and October 31st 1998. Data was collected from respondents by means of a structured interview at first visit and three-months after initial contact. Evidence from the study demonstrates that syringe exchanges play an important contributing role in significantly reducing the numbers reporting both the use of heroin as a primary drug (n=41; McNemar x2=10.1;p<0.01), and its frequency of use (n=70; McNemar x2=4.13;p<0.05) at follow-up. Moreover, there were significant reductions in the reported borrowing (n=60; McNemar x2=10.1;p<0.01) and lending (n=42: McNemar x2=7.9;p<0.01) of used injecting equipment. There was however no significant change in the reported sharing of injecting paraphernalia or in levels of reported condom use. The results of this study illustrate that low threshold services such as the Health Promotion Unit have the ability to attract injecting drug users not in contact with other drug treatment services. Furthermore, this type of service has been shown to be effective in maintaining contact with injecting drug users and promoting safer drug use among attendees. Even though the distribution of sterile injecting equipment reduces the situational sharing, this is hampered by the limited availability of sterile injecting equipment in Dublin. There is a need to continue to develop strategies to prevent HIV and hepatitis C transmission. One such approach would be to develop effective outreach as a means of reaching greater numbers of drug users earlier in their injecting histories. Other areas for future HIV and HCV prevention include discouraging the transition from smoking to injecting, and among those who inject, encouraging further reductions in sharing, sustaining risk reduction over time, and encouraging the adoption of safer sexual behaviour.
Keywords: harm reduction
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Loosen, W. (2001). Qualitätsstandards in der europäischen Drogenhilfe : eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme. Konturen : Fachzeitschrift zu Sucht und sozialen Fragen, 22, 31–33.
Keywords: quality control
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Callégari, J. - P. (1999). Qualité et communication : introduction. Communication et organisation, (15), 2.
Keywords: quality control
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Steffen, K. (1993). Folienrauchen – ein zeitgeschichtliches Dokument : Ausschnitte aus einem Interview mit zwei FolienraucherInnen in Zürich. Drogalkohol : Alkohol und Drogen : Forschung und Praxis der Prävention und Rehabilitation, 17(2), 115–122.
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Donoghoe, M. C., & Power, R. (1993). Household bleach as disinfectant for use by injecting drug users. The Lancet, 341(26.06.1993), 1658.
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Hendriks, V. M., van den Brink, W., Blanken, P., Bosman, I. J., & van Ree, J. M. (2001). Heroin self-administration by means of “chasing the dragon” : pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of inhaled heroin. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 11, 241–252.
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Rhodes, T., & Quirk, A. (1995). Where is the sex in harm reduction. International journal of drug policy, 6, 78–82.
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Somaini, B., Wang, J., Perozo, M., Kuhn, F., Meili, D., Grob, P., et al. (2000). A continuing concern : HIV and hepatitis testing and prevalence among drug users in substitution programs in Zurich, Switzerland. AIDS Care, 12(4), 449–460.
Abstract: Phase I of the Zurich Prometheus Study is a cross-sectional study focusing on an up-to-date serology for HIV and hepatitis B/C and associated risk factors for all clients in four participating clinics offering opiate substitution in Zurich, Switzerland. The mean age of the 603 respondents is 30.7 years (SD=6.2), and 38% of them are women. Seventy-five percent of the respondents have a history of injecting drug use (IDU), and over half have injected within the past six months. Lab-confirmed seroprevalence for HBV (50%) and HCV (57%) is twice that of HIV (24%). There is an 80% risk reduction for all three viral infections among those starting IDU after 1991—when harm reduction efforts were in full swing—compared to those who began before 1988—before clean needles were widely available. These findings suggest a strongly protective effective of harm reduction measures. But while a stabilization in HIV prevalence at 15% can be seen among drug users who started injecting after 1991, prevalence rates for HBV and HCV still remain several times higher. The prevalence data in this study support data showing continued high incidence rates for HBV and HCV, even among new injectors in the harm reduction era.
Keywords: health promotion
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Edlin, B. R., Seal, K. H., Lorvick, J., Kral, A. H., Ciccarone, D. H., Moore, L. D., et al. (2001). Is it justifiable to withhold treatment for hepatitis C from illicit-drug users? The New England journal of medicine, 345(3; 19.07.2001), 211–214.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C
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Feyerabend, E. (1999). Um die Wette geimpft. Bioskop, (7; 09/1999), 8–9.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis; hepatitis B
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