Späth, H. (2006). Wichtige Information : neue TARMED-Positionen ab 1.4.2006. PrimaryCare, 6(7-8; 02/2006), 140.
Keywords: general practitioner; treatment cost; health care administration; health care costs; medical fee; health insurance; legal regulation; Switzerland
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Abel, T. (2007). Cultural capital and social inequality in health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 62(7), 20.
Abstract: Economic and social resources are known to contribute to the unequal distribution of health outcomes. Culture related factors such as normative beliefs, knowledge and behaviours have also been shown to be associated with health status. This paper addresses the role and function of cultural resources in the unequal distribution of health. Drawing on the work of French Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, the paper explores the concept of cultural capital for its contribution to the current understanding of social inequalities in health. It suggests that class related cultural resources interact with economic and social capital in the social structuring of people’s health chances and choices. The paper concludes that cultural capital is a key element in the behavioural transformation of social inequality into health inequality. New directions for empirical research on the interplay between economic, social and cultural capital are outlined.
Keywords: health; health-related behavior; social inequality; type of society and culture; sociology
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Kolar, A. F., Brown, B. S., Weddington, W. W., Haertzen, C. C., Michaelson, B. S., & Jaffe, J. H. (1992). Treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone maintenance clients : a pilot study comparing the efficacy of desipramine and amantadine. International journal of the addictions, 27(7), 849–868.
Abstract: We conducted a pilot study (N = 22) comparing the efficacy of desipramine and amantadine for treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone maintenance clients. The study which lasted 12 weeks, was double-blind, randomly assigned, and placebo-controlled. Subjects met DSM-III-R criteria for active cocaine dependence. All three groups’ cocaine use, craving, and depressive symptoms declined significantly, but intergroup differences were not significant. Clients receiving desipramine were significantly more likely to remain in treatment and to be cocaine free at study completion. The results emphasize the importance of delivering comprehensive services to the cocaine user in methadone treatment. Further evaluations of these two medications as adjuncts in the treatment of cocaine dependence are needed.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; cocaine
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Donoghoe, M. C., Dolan, K. A., & Stimson, G. V. (1992). Life-style factors and social circumstances of syringe sharing in injecting drug users. British journal of addiction, 87(7), 993–1003.
Abstract: Measures taken to reduce HIV risk by injecting drug users have been reported in many countries, but a minority of injectors continue to engage in risky practices. In an ongoing cohort study, 207 drug injectors were interviewed and anonymously tested for HIV antibodies in saliva in 1989. Injectors reporting recent syringe sharing were compared with those not recently sharing; injecting events where sharing did and did not take place were examined. Those recently sharing syringes differed significantly from the non-sharers on several factors, including: use of heroin, dihydrocodeine and temazepam; injection of heroin, temazepam and prescribed methadone; accommodation and contact with other injectors; means of financial support and recent involvement in crime; secondary sources of injecting equipment and unsafe disposal; employment of HIV protective strategies; treatment contact with general practitioners; number of sexual partners and injecting status of sexual partners. The two groups were not significantly different in terms of attendance at syringe-exchange schemes and self-reported HIV antibody status. Syringe sharing would appear to be related to social circumstances and life-style factors rather than just individual choices and motivation.
Keywords: harm reduction
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Titus, S., Marmor, M., Des Jarlais, D. C., Kim, M., Wolfe, H., & Beatrice, S. (1994). Bleach use and HIV seroconversion among New York City injection drug users. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 7(7), 700–704.
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Halkitis, P. N., & Palamar, J. J. (2008). Multivariate modeling of club drug use initiation among gay and bisexual men. Substance use and misuse, 43(7), 871–879.
Abstract: This paper documents patterns and sequence of initiation of club drug use in a sample of 450 gay and bisexual men in New York City. Quantitative and qualitative baseline data from a yearlong longitudinal investigation conducted between 2001 and 2005 were analyzed. The study focused on the use of five club drugs – cocaine, GHB, ketamine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine – using self-reported indications of use for a period of 4 months prior to assessment. Patterns of club drug use among gay and bisexual demonstrated that poly-club-drug use is common, and that patterns of use can be differentiated along the lines of age, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation, with those who are older, Black, and bisexual, reporting less club drug use. The majority of the men initiated use of the five club drugs as follows: (a) cocaine, (b) ecstasy, (c) ketamine, (d) methamphetamine, and (e) GHB. Variations in patterns were related to both age and level of poly-club-drug use. The sequencing and/or patterns of club drug use may be better explained by socialization processes in the gay community than by Gateway Theory, which has been traditionally used to explain patterns of drug use in the population. Future research should more closely examine the synergy of drug use combinations with an emphasis on measuring the extent to which the drugs are taken in synchronicity.
Keywords: methamphetamines; designer drug; research chemical; cocaine; ecstasy; ketamine; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; gay male; bisexual; AOD use initiation; New York City
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Thorpe, L. E., Ouellet, L. J., Hershow, R., Bailey, S. L., Williams, I. T., Williamson, J., et al. (2002). Risk of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users who share injection equipment. American journal of epidemiology, 155(7), 645–653.
Abstract: Designing studies to examine hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission via the shared use of drug injection paraphernalia other than syringes is difficult because of saturation levels of HCV infection in most samples of injection drug users (IDUs). The authors measured the incidence of HCV infection in a large cohort of young IDUs from Chicago, Illinois, and determined the risk of HCV seroconversion associated with specific forms of sharing injection paraphernalia. From 1997 to 1999, serum samples obtained from 702 IDUs aged 18–30 years were screened for HCV antibodies; prevalence was 27%. Seronegative participants were tested for HCV antibodies at baseline, at 6 months, and at 12 months. During 290 person-years of follow-up, 29 participants seroconverted (incidence: 10.0/100 person-years). The adjusted relative hazard of seroconversion, controlling for demographic and drug-use covariates, was highest for sharing “cookers” (relative hazard = 4.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 11.8), followed by sharing cotton filters (relative hazard = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 5.0). Risks associated with syringe-sharing and sharing of rinse water were elevated but not significant. After adjustment for syringe-sharing, sharing cookers remained the strongest predictor of seroconversion (relative hazard = 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 9.9). The authors conclude that sharing of injection equipment other than syringes may be an important cause of HCV transmission between IDUs.
Keywords: risk assessment; intravenous drug user; young adult; needle sharing; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C; infection; United States; Chicago; study
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Hinder, C. (1991). Hanfblatt. St. Gallen: Verein Schweizer-Hanf Freunde/innen.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; cannabis
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Sigusch, V., & Gremliza, H. (1986). Sexualität Konkret Heft 7 : Operation Aids : das Geschäft mit der Angst : Sexualforscher geben Auskunft. Hamburg: Gremliza.
Keywords: health promotion; HIV infection; Aids
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various. (2003). Effets de la consommation abusive de marijuana (ou cannabis) et d'alcool sur la femme enceinte, le foetus, et le jeune enfant. Flash addiction, (6; 23.01.2003), 11.
Keywords: addiction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; cannabis; alcohol; AOD effects and consequences; prevention; fetal alcohol effects; fetal alcohol syndrome; woman; pregnancy; birth; work; fetus; child; bibliography; newsletter
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