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Author |
Mounteney, Jane; Evans-Brown, Michael; Giraudon, Isabelle |
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Title |
Fentanyl in Europe : EMCDDA trendspotter study : report from an EMCDDA expert meeting 9 to 10 October 2012 |
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2012 |
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13 |
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illicit drug; illegal drug use; fentanyl; AOD use pattern; AOD supply; AOD associated consequences; AODR mortality; public policy on AOD; treatment and maintenance; law enforcement; monitoring; statistical data; conference; international area; Europe; European Union |
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The EMCDDA Trendspotter case study on Fentanyl in Europe was undertaken during September and October 2012. It culminated in an expert meeting in Lisbon on 9-10 October 2012. The aim of the study was to increase understanding of the availability and illicit use of fentanyl in Europe, with a specific focus on: the extent and patterns of use; illicit production and diversion; harms and deaths; and, responses to the problem. Twelve experts from 10 EU Member States (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Italy, Slovakia, Sweden, Finland, United Kingdom) attended the meeting, presenting their experiences and contributing to an analysis of the topic, providing insights from law enforcement, forensics, treatment, research and monitoring, and drug user perspectives. |
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Prevalence, Consequences and Data Management Unit |
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Lisbon |
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English |
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Technical reports |
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978-92-9168-565-3 |
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Call Number |
50-12853 |
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56778 |
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Author |
Frisher, Martin; Baldacchino, Alex; Crome, Ilana; Bloor, Roger |
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Title |
Preventing opioid overdoses in Europe : a critical assessment of known risk factors and preventative measures |
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Year |
2012 |
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82 |
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Keywords |
chemical addiction; opioids in any form; AOD user; risk factors; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; AOD use behavior; AOD overdose mortality; prevention; harm reduction; statistical data; questionnaire; international area; Europe; European Union |
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This report focuses on individual, situational and organisational risk factors for overdoses and how they can be modified to reduce fatal outcomes. Key risk and protective factors were categorised and their efficacy and the factors that facilitate or impede prevention were critically discussed by an expert panel. The review evidenced that many interventions may reduce overdose, particularly in settings where the drug user is in contact with treatment or emergency services. Specific interventions are proved to be effective (e.g. pharmacological treatment). At the population level, where many drug users are not in contact with services, overdose reduction depends on behavioural change (e.g. avoiding the mixture of opiates and depressant drugs). Overdose prevention involves personal and societal issues calling for multifaceted intervention. |
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Prevalence, Consequences and Data Management Unit |
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Lisbon |
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English |
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50-12866 |
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56779 |
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Author |
Magenta, Lorenzo; Fossati, Elena; Gurtner, Vanina; Terziroli, Benedetta; Cerny, Andreas |
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Title |
Results of an educational and screening program for liver diseases in patients attending substance use rehabilitation programs in southern Switzerland |
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2011 |
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7 |
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treatment and maintenance; chemical addiction; illicit drug; licit drug; alcohol; AOD dependent; AOD user; health; epidemiology; AOD induced risk; AODR disorder; viral disease; viral hepatitis; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; diagnosis; statistical data; counseling; cost (economic); Switzerland |
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Background and Aims: Substance users are at high risk of viral (HBV and HCV) and alcoholic liver disease leading in some to progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis. Users in rehabilitation programs often lack information about health risks related to substance use and ways for prevention and treatment and often postpone medical workup and treatment. The aims were: 1. To improve knowledge and awareness about the epidemiology, mode of acquisition, natural history, diagnosis and treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B and C in persons participating in substance use rehabilitation programs in southern Switzerland. 2. To identify users with liver disease and fibrosis or cirrhosis using ALT and Fibroscan testing, and 3. To offer personalized counseling on diagnostic workup and treatment for persons with significant fibrosis or cirrhosis in order to prevent progression to cirrhosis and its complications. Methods: Substance use rehabilitation programs were contacted and offered an educational event, held by an MD, with information on epidemiology, mode of acquisition, natural history, diagnosis and treatment of chronic alcoholic and viral hepatitis B and C. Participants interested were given the possibility to undergo ALTtesting, Fibroscan® testing as well a consultation with a hepatologist, free of charge. Results: Eleven Institutions were involved in the program, 7 offering residential and 4 daytime rehabilitation programs. A total of 136 users and 22 health care workers attended the educational sessions. 82 of whom (60.3%) participated in the ALT/Fibroscan screening program. The mean age was 43.9 years (65 male and 17female users). 45% had abnormal ALT levels. The mean was 89.6 IU/ml. Only 17% had normal liver elasticity, 83% had abnormal values compatible with fibrosis assessed by Fibroscan (>4.0 KPa). 21.9% had at least moderate (F2-F4) fibrosis (>8.0 KPa) and 10.9% had values indicating the presence of cirrhosis (>16 KPa, F4).The running costs in terms of personnel and materials of this pilot program were slightly more than 100 Swiss Francs per participant. Conclusions: The results confirm a high burden of liver disease in substance users in rehabilitation programs in our region. The interest and adherence to the program was excellent with 60.3% of those participating in the educational event undergoing voluntary ALT and Fibroscan® testing followed by counseling. Significant liver disease was found in more that 4/5 of the participants. More than 10% had results compatible with cirrhosis. Similar programs can be adapted to other high-risk settings for liver disease at reasonably low costs. |
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Clinica Luganese Moncucco |
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Lugano |
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English |
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Call Number |
50-12922 |
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56782 |
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Author |
Robert, Claude-François; Déglon, Jean-Jacques; Wintsch, Joëlle; Martin, Jean-Louis; Perrin, Luc; Bourquin, Michel; Gabriel, Victor; Hirschel, Bernard |
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Behavioral changes in intravenous drug addicts (IVDAs) in Geneva : rise and fall of HIV infection, 1980-1989 |
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1990 |
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harm reduction |
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Call Number |
50-02952 |
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56785 |
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Author |
Egli, Dominik |
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Title |
The Swiss heroin policy |
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1998 |
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18, appendices |
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government and politics; Switzerland |
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University of Bern |
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Berne |
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A revised version of this draft was published in the Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (SJES), 1999, vol. 135, issue II, pp 187-206 |
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13.01-082 |
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56799 |
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Burrows, D.; Price, C. |
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Peer education among IDUs in Baltimore (US) and Sydney (Australia) : similarities and differences within a model of peer education |
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1993 |
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International Conference on AIDS |
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target group |
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An HIV “explosion” has occurred among injecting drug users (IDUs) in many countries in the developed and developing world. The paper describes peer education programmes currently under way in Baltimore (where around 25% of the city’s 40,000 IDUs are HIV-positive) and Sydney (with about 5% of its 60,000 IDUs HIV-positive). In these programmes, IDUs educate their peers about HIV, safe injecting, safe sex and issues related to street drug use such as homelessness and survival. The paper provides a model of peer education among injectors and shows how the model has been adapted to the specific circumstances of IDUs in each city. The paper also shows that meetings and regular communication between the two groups has resulted in an expansion of programmes in the two cities. |
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Berlin |
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Call Number |
50-02999 |
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61285 |
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Author |
Burrows, D. |
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Title |
Establishing an international communications network for injecting drug user groups : abstract |
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1993 |
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International Conference on AIDS |
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An HIV “explosion” has occurred among injecting drug users (IDUs) in many countries in the developed and developing world. The paper describes the establishment of the International Drug Users Network (IDUN) at a meeting of representatives of IDU groups in Melbourne, Australia in March 1992. Representatives from IDU groups in Australia, New Zealand, Germany, the Netherlands, Nepal and the USA attended the meeting, which resulted in a communications network being set up for exchange of information and ideas on HIV prevention among IDUs, increasing recognition of IDUs’ human rights, activities and policies of IDU groups, and effects of drug and HIV policies on injecting drug users. The paper will detail the first year of IDUN’s operations, suggest new directions for the network and provide recommendations for authorities trying to prevent HIV among IDUs. |
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Berlin |
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English |
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50-03003 |
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61286 |
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Author |
Burrows, D. |
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Establishing and maintaining credibility as an injecting drug users group : street cred versus professionalism : abstract |
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1993 |
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International Conference on AIDS |
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intravenous drug user; peer; HIV infection; Aids; prevention; education; advocacy; Australia |
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New South Wales contains a large proportion of Australia’s estimated 200,000 to 300,000 injecting drug users (IDUs). This paper describes the development of NUAA (New South Wales Users and AIDS Association), an injecting drug users group, and the roles played by IDUs in the establishment and maintenance of NUAA’s services (Education Services, Community Services, Information/Tribes, and Needle Exchange/Referral) and NUAA Working Groups (Research, Newsletter Production, and HIV Support Group). The paper details the many ways in which IDUs (from both inside and outside the organisation) have become involved in NUAA, and how that involvement has changed as the organisation has grown. It also addresses the issues of professional behaviour by NUAA staff and the need for the organisation to be seen as credible at a governmental and policy making level to effectively represent the interests of IDUs while at the same time ensuring that it never becomes aloof from its constituency. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for anyone interested in setting up an injecting drug users group for HIV prevention, education and advocacy. |
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Berlin |
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Call Number |
50-03004 |
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61287 |
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Author |
Rihs-Middel, Margret |
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Outcome measures of medications development for treating dependence that reflect public health effectiveness : background paper for the conference “Pharmacological treatments of alcohol, tobacco and drug dependence: international issues in medication development” |
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1995 |
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Pharmacological treatments of alcohol, tobacco and drug dependence: international issues in medication development |
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ii, 30 |
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government and politics; public health; treatment and maintenance; quality; treatment outcome; Switzerland |
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Swiss Federal Offfice of Public Health (FOPH) |
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Toronto |
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50-05349 |
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61289 |
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Author |
Cina, Annette |
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Triple P : positive parenting program |
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2007 |
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Families, lifestyles and drugs – reaching families in prevention |
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31 |
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prevention; family; parent; child; adolescent; early intervention (young children); empowerment; risk factors; international area |
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University of Fribourg, Institute for Family Research and Counseling |
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Porto |
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English |
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50-10343 |
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61295 |
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