| Records |
| Author |
Health Protection Agency; Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health; National Public Health Service for Wales; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Northern Ireland; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour; Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group |
| Title |
Shooting up : infections among injecting drug users in the United Kingdom 2002 |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
|
Pages |
20 |
| Keywords |
Intravenous drug user; infection; HIV infection; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C; hepatitis B; hepatitis A; needle sharing; personal hygiene; United Kingdom |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Health Protection Agency (HPA) |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
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Language  |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-a |
Serial |
50458 |
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| Author |
Lindesmith Center |
| Title |
Safer injection rooms : research summary |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
7 |
| Keywords |
harm reduction; contact center; injection room; prevention; health and disease; international area; Germany; Switzerland; Netherlands |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
The Lindesmith Center |
Place of Publication |
New York |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-b |
Serial |
50459 |
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| Author |
Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group |
| Title |
Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis infections in the United Kingdom 2001 : annual report of the Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
53 |
| Keywords |
HIV infection; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C; infection; prevalence; public health; United Kingdom; annual report |
| Abstract |
The Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme began in 1988, and was aimed at measuring the distribution of infection, especially HIV, in accessible groups of the adult population. The programme provides estimates of HIV infection among groups in whom a substantial proportion of infections are undiagnosed and therefore not ascertained by other surveillance systems. Essential public health information on the prevalence of HIV infection in these groups cannot be obtained any other way. This report summarises programme data to the end of 2001. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Department of Health |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-c |
Serial |
50460 |
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| Author |
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |
| Title |
Workgroup on costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions : executive summary |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
5 |
| Keywords |
AOD use, abuse, and dependence; cost (economic); cost-effectiveness; prevention; viral hepatitis; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; international area; Europe |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) |
Place of Publication |
Lisbon |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-e |
Serial |
50462 |
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| Author |
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |
| Title |
Report on the risk assessment of PMMA in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
122 |
| Keywords |
amphetamines; monitoring; risk assessment; designer drug; research chemical; report; Europe |
| Abstract |
The report assesses the risks of PMMA, especially in association with the already controlled substance PMA (para-methoxyamphetamine). PMMA, is an amphetamine-like substance very close to PMA, and is almost exclusively sold in tablet form in combination with the latter and consumed as ‘ecstasy’. It has been associated, in combination with PMA, with three deaths in the EU. PMMA is devoid of any therapeutic value. Further to the conclusions of the EMCDDA risk assessment, on 28 February 2002, the Council of the European Union adopted a unanimous decision defining the new synthetic drug PMMA (para-methoxymethylamphetamine) as a substance to be placed under control measures and criminal penalties in the EU Member States. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities |
Place of Publication |
Luxemburg |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Risk assessments |
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1725-4485 |
ISBN |
92-9168-137-7 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-13429 |
Serial |
50464 |
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| Author |
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |
| Title |
Report on the risk assessment of ketamine in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
116 |
| Keywords |
ketamine; monitoring; risk assessment; designer drug; research chemical; report; Europe |
| Abstract |
Since the mid-1990s, ketamine – widely used in human and veterinary medicine for 30 years – has been surfacing as a recreational drug. Concern over ketamine centres on its unpredictability in producing ‘near-death’ experiences. The risk-assessment exercise was carried out in 2000 in the framework of the Joint action on new synthetic drugs. In March 2001, the EU Justice and Home Affairs Council adopted formal conclusions that Member States should monitor this drug closely. This publication records the findings and conclusions of the exercise. Among others, it draws together the various elements used to assess the substance including: the final risk-assessment report; contributions from Europol and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products; a review of pharmacotoxicological data; epidemiological evidence on the associated public-health risks and sociological and criminological evidence. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities |
Place of Publication |
Luxembourg |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1725-4485 |
ISBN |
92-9168-123-7 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-13430 |
Serial |
50465 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |
| Title |
Report on the risk assessment of GHB in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
92 |
| Keywords |
amphetamines; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; monitoring; risk assessment; designer drug; research chemical; report; Europe |
| Abstract |
Since the mid-1990s, GHB – widely used in human and veterinary medicine for 30 years – has been surfacing as a recreational drug. Some EU countries have reported worries over GHB’s surreptitious use in sexual assaults. Although the extent of this is unknown, the EMCDDA and its risk-assessment partners are recommending that Member States consider the role of GHB and other drugs in this area. The risk-assessment exercise was carried out in 2000 in the framework of the Joint action on new synthetic drugs. In March 2001, the EU Justice and Home Affairs Council adopted formal conclusions that Member States should monitor this drug closely. This publication records the findings and conclusions of the exercise. Among others, it draws together the various elements used to assess the substance including: the final risk-assessment report; contributions from Europol and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products; a review of pharmacotoxicological data; epidemiological evidence on the associated public-health risks and sociological and criminological evidence. |
| Address |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities |
Place of Publication |
Luxembourg |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Risk assessments |
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1725-4485 |
ISBN |
92-9168-122-9 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-13431 |
Serial |
50466 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Health Protection Agency; Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health; National Public Health Service for Wales; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Northern Ireland; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour; Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group |
| Title |
Shooting up : infections among injecting drug users in the United Kingdom 2003 |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
24 |
| Keywords |
Intravenous drug user; infection; HIV infection; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C; hepatitis B; hepatitis A; needle sharing; personal hygiene; United Kingdom |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Health Protection Agency (HPA) |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-j |
Serial |
50467 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Health Protection Agency; Health Protection Scotland; National Public Health Service for Wales; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Northern Ireland; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour; Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group |
| Title |
Shooting up : infections among injecting drug users in the United Kingdom 2004 |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
24 |
| Keywords |
intravenous drug user; infection; HIV infection; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C; vaccination; hepatitis A; hepatitis B; needle sharing; personal hygiene; crack cocaine; United Kingdom |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Health Protection Agency (HPA) |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-k |
Serial |
50468 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Health Protection Agency; Health Protection Scotland; National Public Health Service for Wales; Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre Northern Ireland; Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour; Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group |
| Title |
Shooting up : infections among injecting drug users in the United Kingdom 2005 |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
24 |
| Keywords |
intravenous drug user; infection; HIV infection; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C; vaccination; hepatitis B; needle sharing; personal hygiene; crack cocaine; United Kingdom |
| Abstract |
Key findings: HIV: The prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) in England and Wales has increased in recent years. Overall, around one in 50 IDUs are now infected, which is still low compared to many other countries. The prevalence remains elevated among IDUs in London with around one in 25 HIV infected. The recent increase in HIV prevalence has been greatest elsewhere in England and Wales, where the prevalence has risen from around one in 400 in 2003 to about one in 65 in 2005. Hepatitis C: Overall, approaching one in two IDUs in the UK have been infected with hepatitis C, which is also low compared to many other countries. However, there are marked regional variations in hepatitis C prevalence within the UK, with the low prevalences found in some areas suggesting that hepatitis C infection is not an inevitable consequence of injecting drug use. Surveillance and research data also indicate that the overall prevalence of hepatitis C infection among IDUs has probably increased in recent years and that levels of hepatitis C transmission remain elevated. Voluntary confidential diagnostic testing: Uptake of testing for hepatitis C among IDUs in contact with drug services has increased in recent years. It is estimated, however, that almost half of those IDUs with hepatitis C in contact with these services still remain unaware of their infection. There will also be substantial numbers of current and former IDUs who are not in contact with services who will be unaware they have hepatitis C. Whilst most IDUs in contact with services report having had a test for HIV at some point, less than half of those with HIV are aware of their infection. There is therefore a need to improve the provision of voluntary confidential testing services for both hepatitis C and HIV. Vaccination: The proportion of IDUs reporting uptake of hepatitis B vaccination has increased markedly in recent years, with the prison vaccination programmes being a major factor in this increase. However, the transmission of hepatitis B continues among IDUs. There is a particular need to improve the provision of vaccinations to IDUs through needle exchange services, including the provision of the vaccines against hepatitis A and tetanus as well as that against hepatitis B. In England, the National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse (NTA) is developing performance monitoring for the provision of vaccination by services for drug users. Bacterial infections: The ongoing occurrence of wound botulism cases indicates that the environmental contamination of heroin with bacterial spores remains a problem. There are also continuing problems with injecting site infections associated with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and severe group A streptococcal infection. Behaviours: Levels of reported needle and syringe sharing increased in the late 1990s, and since then have remained elevated with over a quarter of IDUs reporting sharing in the previous month. The sharing of other injecting equipment is more common. There are also indications that injecting into the groin (femoral vein) may be becoming more common. It is also apparent that there are a variety of individual and environmental factors that may affect injecting behaviour and hygiene, and that the effects on risk of factors such as homelessness, the injecting environment, and drugs injected need further investigation. In particular the role of crack-cocaine use, which has become more widespread, is a cause for concern. |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Health Protection Agency (HPA) |
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-l |
Serial |
50469 |
| Permanent link to this record |
