Drug Abuse Warning Network. (2012). Drug-related emergency department visits involving synthetic cannabinoids. Rockville: Substance abuse and mental health services administration (SAMHSA), Drug abuse warning network (DAWN).
Abstract: - In 2010, an estimated 11,406 emergency department (ED) visits involved a synthetic cannabinoid product, sometimes referred to as “synthetic marijuana” and commonly known by street names such as “Spice” or “K2” – Three fourths of these ED visits involved patients aged 12 to 29 (75 percent), of which 78 percent were male – The majority (76 percent) of these ED visits did not receive follow-up care upon discharge from the ED
Keywords: AOD abuse; AOD overdose; emergency care; designer drug; research chemical; cannabinoids; marijuana in any form; statistical data; United States
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various. (2012). Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines in Europe – findings from the DRUID project (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Ed.). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: This Thematic paper presents the key findings of the European Union’s research project on Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, alcohol and Medicines, known as the DRUID project. The project looked at experimental studies, epidemiological studies, enforcement, classification of medicines, driver rehabilitation, withdrawal of driving licence, and dissemination and guidelines. Over 5 years of work across 18 countries, the project has produced some 50 reports, each one contributing key evidence to road safety policy. The thematic paper therefore aims to summarise the findings of one of the biggest research projects ever carried out in the EU on drugs and driving.
Keywords: AOD use and driving; illicit drug; licit drug; psychoactive substances; alcohol; AOD effects and AODR problems; AODR accident mortality; public policy on AOD; law enforcement; cost-benefit analysis; statistical data; Europe; European Union
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WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2012). European action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol 2012-2020 (P. Anderson, L. Moller, & G. Galea, Eds.). Copenhagen: World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe.
Abstract: The European action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol 2012-2020 was endorsed by all 53 Member States of the WHO European Region in September 2011. The action plan includes a range of evidence-based policy options to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Furthermore, this document includes the Regional Committee resolution EUR/RC61/R4, a list of indicators, with definitions, linked to the indicators used in the European Information System on alcohol and Health and a checklist or set of questions for Member States. The action plan is closely linked to the 10 action areas from the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol adopted at the World Health Assembly in May 2010. The primary audience for the action plan is the national authorities in the WHO European Region responsible for alcohol policy, mainly the ministry of health and other ministries including finance, education, social welfare, transportation, criminal justice, as well as nongovernmental organizations, researchers, civil society, the private sector, and international partners.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; licit drug; alcohol intoxication; public health; health care costs; harm reduction; advertisement; exposure to AOD ad; advertising ban; laws and regulations; public policy on alcohol; drinking and driving; alcoholic beverage; AOD price; illicit drug; strategy; international area; Europe
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Federal office of Public Health. (2013). Overview : national programme alcohol 2013-2016. Berne: Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH).
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; licit drug; alcohol; binge drinking; public policy on alcohol; prevention; adolescence; AODR interpersonal and societal problems; cooperation; health promotion; treatment and maintenance; social integration; information service; statistical data; Switzerland
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2013). General report of activities 2012 : key achievements and governance : a year in review. General report of activities. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: The General report of activities is an annual publication providing a detailed progress report of the EMCDDA’s activities over a 12-month period. It catalogues the Centre’s achievements in each area of its annual work programme. The report is a useful information source for all those seeking comprehensive information on the Centre and its work.
Keywords: monitoring; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; psychoactive substances; AOD demand; intervention (persuasion to treatment); treatment and maintenance; epidemiology; AODR disorder; AODR mortality; research; administration and management; financial management; cost-effectiveness; quality control; assessment; evaluation; cooperation; collaboration; international area; Europe; European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (body); annual report; financial statement
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ACT Council of Social Service. (2003). Submission to the inquiry into access to syringes by intravenous drug users. Reid: ACT Council of Social Service (ACTCOSS).
Keywords: government and politics; public policy; harm reduction; intravenous drug user; needle distribution and exchange; recommendations or guidelines; Australia
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Amfar AIDS Research. (2005). The effectiveness of harm reduction in preventing the transmission of HIV/AIDS : injecting drug use remains a significant risk for HIV infection in the U.S. and globally. New York: Amfar.
Keywords: harm reduction; health promotion; HIV infection; Aids; intravenous injection; United States
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British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS. (2004). Evaluation of the supervised injection site : year one summary. Vancouver: Author.
Abstract: After one year of operation, Insite has provided a secure environment for over 3,000 people who inject illicit drugs in Vancouver. Attendance has been consistently high, and now averages nearly 600 injections per day. Although heroin and other opiates are the most common drugs used at Insite, there are a substantial number of individuals using stimulant drugs. The facility has been very well managed and the staff is highly rated by the clients. Although there have been over 100 observed overdoses, there have been no fatalities and only one episode where CPR was required. This is very likely due to rapid staff interventions including oxygen therapy and in some cases Narcan. The SEOSI cohort is collecting in-depth prospective information on a randomly selected group of Insite clients and baseline demographics show that women, people of Aboriginal origin and those with unstable housing are availing themselves of the service in high numbers. There have been a large number of referrals made to addiction counseling and withdrawal management services by the counselors at Insite. Efforts to document the health outcomes associated with the site are ongoing and will be disseminated throughout the 3-year evaluation period and beyond.
Keywords: harm reduction; injection room; program evaluation; statistical data; Canada; British Columbia
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Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics. (2004). Threats to cognitive liberty : pharmacotherapy and the future of the drug war. Davis: Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics (CCLE).
Abstract: Over the next decade an increasing number of new “pharmacotherapy” medications will become available with the potential to tremendously impact the use and abuse of illegal drugs and the overall direction of national and international drug policy. These pharmacotherapy medications are designed to block or significantly reduce the “highs” elicited by illegal drugs. Used as part of a drug treatment program, pharmacotherapy medications may provide valuable assistance for people seeking a chemical aid in limiting or eliminating problem drug use. However, the tremendously politicized nature of the “drug war” raises substantial concerns that, in addition to those who choose to use such medications, some people will be compelled to use them. In the absence of extraordinary circumstances, governmental action forcing or coercing a person to use a pharmacotherapy drug would violate a number of constitutional guarantees and other legal rights protecting people from forced medical treatment. Among the rights implicated by compulsory use of pharmacotherapy drugs are the right to informed consent, the right to bodily integrity and privacy, the protection against cruel and unusual punishment, and the right to freedom of thought.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; drug therapy; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; illicit drug; ethics; human rights
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Drug Policy Alliance. (2000). Syringe availability. Berkeley: Drug Policy Alliance (DPA).
Keywords: harm reduction; needle distribution and exchange; international area; United States
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