| Records |
| Author |
Aldred, Bob |
| Title |
Spray trial |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Drugwatch |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
January 2002; 30.01.2002 |
Pages |
1 |
| Keywords |
AOD use; heroin; AOD overdose; intoxication treatment; first aid; mucosal administration; naloxone; Australia; trial study |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-02645 |
Serial |
59728 |
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| Author |
Sattar, Syed A.; Springthorpe, V. Susan |
| Title |
Survival and disinfectants inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus : a critical review |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Reviews of infectious diseases : medical microbiology, clinical immunology, epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
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Pages |
430-437 |
| Keywords |
harm reduction |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-02629 |
Serial |
59720 |
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| Author |
Storbjörk, Jessica; Room, Robin |
| Title |
The two worlds of alcohol problems : who is in treatment and who is not? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Addiction Research and Theory |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1; 02/2008 |
Pages |
67-84 |
| Keywords |
treatment and maintenance; inpatient care; outpatient care; AOD consumption; AOD use pattern; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; social support; family support; statistical data; Sweden; Stockholm |
| Abstract |
In the study “Women and Men in Swedish alcohol and Drug Treatment,” it is possible to compare alcohol consumption and problems among respondents in the general population with those in clients entering alcohol treatment. The differences between these groups have led researchers to talk about the “two worlds” of alcohol problems-in general and in clinical populations. The aim of this article is to study the relative strength of factors in predicting entering and the clinical population. The studied factors are demographics and marginalization; volume and frequency of drinking; alcohol dependence; social response to drinking (suggestions to cut down or seek treatment by informal actors, e.g. family and friends, and formal actors such as employer, the social services or judicial system); and treatment history. The client sample includes 1202 clients (71% men) interviewed face-to-face when entering inpatient and outpatient treatment facilities in Stockholm. In the general population survey, 3557 persons aged 18-75 years were interviewed. The two samples differ significantly. As expected, clients were older, more marginalized and reported more severe alcohol problems, and many reported previous treatment experiences and social responses. Logistic regression analyses show that previous treatment, unemployment/institutionalization and having an unstable living situation are the strongest predictors of who is in treatment, followed by age, alcohol dependence and frequency of drinking. Formal pressures to cut down or seek treatment are also important and males are more likely to be in treatment. The results support a notion of the treatment system as a place for handling marginalized people, beyond and beside their extent of drinking. |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1606-6359 (Print); 1476-7392 (Online) |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-02623 |
Serial |
59719 |
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| Author |
Nordlund, Sturla |
| Title |
What is alcohol abuse? : changes in Norwegians' perceptions of drinking practices since the 1960s |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Addiction Research and Theory |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1; 02/2008 |
Pages |
85-94 |
| Keywords |
AOD consumption; chemical addiction; alcohol abuse; AOD intoxication; societal attitude toward AOD; Norway |
| Abstract |
The aims of this study is to demonstrate how perceptions of the concept of “alcohol abuse” have changed over time and to delineate variations among sub-groups of the Norwegian population. An initial survey was conducted in 1964 in 10 Norwegian cities. Follow-up surveys were conducted in 1989 and 2006 based on national, representative samples. From these samples presumably comparable sub-samples have been selected. The respondents characterised 18 different drinking situations as “abuse”, “not abuse” or “doubt”. The 18 drinking situations were constructed based on combinations of three degrees of drinking frequencies, three degrees of intoxication and two degrees of sociability. The different combinations were presented to the respondents on cards, and in a random order. Norwegians’ perceptions of alcohol consumption have undergone major changes, particularly with respect to perceptions of what constitutes “alcohol abuse”. In general, views have become more liberal and permissive. A shift in perceptions since 1964 was already manifest or: evident in 1989, but this has developed further in the same direction since then. The more people drink, the more liberal are their views on what is “alcohol abuse”? This applies both on individual and aggregated levels. Perceptions of drinking practices, especially of “alcohol abuse”, have shifted with the change in average alcohol consumption. The higher general consumption the more drinking is allow before it is perceived as abuse. This is probably a reciprocal process with no specific causal direction, but obviously influenced by external factors, such as economic and cultural globalisation, tourism and generally more liberal views on many other facets of society and social life. |
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1606-6359 (Print); 1476-7392 (Online) |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-02608 |
Serial |
59716 |
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| Author |
McIntosh, James; Bloor, Michael; Robertson, Michele |
| Title |
Drug treatment and the achievement of paid employment |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Addiction Research and Theory |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1; 02/2008 |
Pages |
37-45 |
| Keywords |
treatment and maintenance; illicit drug; vocational rehabilitation; employment; AOD abstinence; United Kingdom |
| Abstract |
The aim of this article is to identify which aspects of drug treatment are most closely associated with recovering drug users’ ability to obtain paid employment. Based on a cohort study of 1033 individuals, this article reports on a logistic regression analysis of the factors associated with the achievement of paid employment 33 months after the initiation of treatment for drug dependency. While the results show a close relationship between the cessation of illegal drug use and individuals’ ability to obtain paid employment, they also show that abstaining from drug use is unlikely to be successful on its own. The factor that showed the strongest independent association with the achievement of paid employment was the receipt of employment-related assistance. The study’s findings are, therefore, strongly supportive of the provision of employment support programmes as the most important mechanism for helping recovering drug users to obtain employment. |
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1606-6359 (Print); 1476-7392 (Online) |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-02604 |
Serial |
59714 |
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| Author |
Hawkins, J. David; Catalano, Richard F.; Michael, Arthur W.; Egan, Elizabeth; Brown, Eric C.; Abott, Robert D.; Murray, David M. |
| Title |
Testing Communities That Care : the rationale, design and behavioral baseline equivalence of the community youth development study |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Prevention Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3; 31.05.2008 |
Pages |
178-190 |
| Keywords |
community-based prevention; health promotion; quality; target group; adolescent; experimental study; United States |
| Abstract |
Recent advances in prevention science provide evidence that adolescent health and behavior problems can be prevented by high-quality prevention services. However, many communities continue to use prevention strategies that have not been shown to be effective. Studying processes for promoting the dissemination and high-quality implementation of prevention strategies found to be effective in controlled research trials has become an important focus for prevention science. The Communities That Care prevention operating system provides manuals, tools, training, and technical assistance to activate communities to use advances in prevention science to plan and implement community prevention services to reduce adolescent substance use, delinquency, and related health and behavior problems. This paper describes the rationale, aims, intervention, and design of the Community Youth Development Study, a randomized controlled community trial of the Communities That Care system, and investigates the baseline comparability of the 12 intervention and 12 control communities in the study. Results indicate baseline similarity of the intervention and control communities in levels of adolescent drug use and antisocial behavior prior to the Communities That Care intervention. Strengths and limitations of the study’s design are discussed. |
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1389-4986 (Print) ; 1573-6695 (Online) |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-02590 |
Serial |
59713 |
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| Author |
Bogren, Alexandra |
| Title |
Women's intoxication as dual licentiousness : an exploration of gendered images of drinking and intoxication in Sweden |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Addiction Research and Theory |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1; 02/2008 |
Pages |
95-106 |
| Keywords |
gender; woman; sexuality; AOD use; AOD consumption; chemical addiction; alcohol intoxication; societal attitude toward AOD; Sweden |
| Abstract |
In this article, it is suggested that an important cultural image of intoxication in some Western societies appears to be ’intoxication as ecstasy’, intoxication as escape from the everyday into a ’wild’ and ’natural’ state. The purpose of this article is to discuss this cultural image and its link to gendered ideas about sexuality and, on the basis of this discussion, to develop a hypothesis for further testing. The hypothesis developed proposes that women – via the cultural linking of their sexuality to biological processes of reproduction – are placed closer to nature than men. This makes women’s drinking and intoxication seem more dangerous than men’s, because drinking and intoxication would seem to make women come even closer to nature. It is suggested that women’s ’dual licentiousness’ threatens the distinction between nature and culture. |
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1606-6359 (Print); 1476-7392 (Online) |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-02573 |
Serial |
59711 |
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| Author |
Vandrey, R. G.; Budney, A. J.; Hughes, J. R.; Liguori, A. |
| Title |
A within-subject comparison of withdrawal symptoms during abstinence from cannabis, tobacco, and both substances |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
92; 21.07.2008 |
Pages |
48-54 |
| Keywords |
treatment and maintenance; addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; cannabis; tobacco in any form |
| Abstract |
A cannabis withdrawal syndrome has been characterized, but its clinical significance remains uncertain. One method of assessing the significance of cannabis withdrawal is to compare it directly to an established withdrawal syndrome. The present study was a within-subject comparison of cannabis, tobacco, and combined cannabis and tobacco withdrawal among users of both substances. Participants (N= 12) completed three 5-day periods of abstinence in a randomized order, separated by 9-day periods of usual substance use. Overall withdrawal severity associated with cannabis alone and tobacco alone was of a similar magnitude. Withdrawal during simultaneous cessation of both substances was more severe than for each substance alone, but these differences were of short duration and substantial individual differences were noted. These results are consistent with other evidence suggesting cannabis withdrawal is clinically important and warrants detailed description in the DSM-V and ICD-11. Additional research is needed to replicate these findings and to further investigate the effects of abstaining from multiple drugs simultaneously. |
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0376-8716 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-02520 |
Serial |
59710 |
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| Author |
Bellis, Mark A.; Hughes, Karen; Calafat, Amador; Juan, Montse; Ramon, Anna; Rodriguez, José A.; Mendes, Fernando; Schnitzer, Susanne; Phillips-Howard, Penny |
| Title |
Sexual uses of alcohol and drugs and the associated health risks : a cross sectional study of young people in nine European cities |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
BioMed Central Public Health |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
155; 09.05.2009 |
Pages |
11 |
| Keywords |
health promotion |
| Abstract |
Background: Young people in European countries are experiencing high levels of alcohol and drug use and escalating levels of sexually transmitted infections. Individually these represent major public health priorities. Understanding of the association between sex and substance use, and specifically the strategic roles for which young people utilise substances to facilitate sexual activity, remains limited. Methods: Respondent driven sampling methodology was used in nine European cities to survey 1,341 16-35 year olds representing youth and younger adults who routinely engage in nightlife. Participants self-completed questionnaires, designed to gather demographic, social, and behavioural data on historic and current substance use and sexual behaviour. Results: Respondents reported strategic use of specific substances for different sexual purposes. Substances differed significantly in the purposes for which each was deployed (e.g. 28.6% of alcohol users use it to facilitate sexual encounters; 26.2% of cocaine users use it to prolong sex) with user demographics also relating to levels of sexual use (e.g. higher levels of: ecstasy use by males to prolong sex; cocaine use by single individuals to enhance sensation and arousal). Associations between substance use and sex started at a young age, with alcohol, cannabis, cocaine or ecstasy use before age 16 all being associated with having had sex before the age of 16 (odds ratios, 3.47, 4.19, 5.73, 9.35 respectively). However, sexes differed and substance use under 16 years was associated with a proportionately greater increase in early sex amongst girls. Respondents’ current drug use was associated with having multiple sexual partners. Thus, for instance, regular cocaine users (c.f. never users) were over five times more likely to have had five or more sexual partners in the last 12 months or have paid for sex. Conclusion: An epidemic of recreational drug use and binge drinking exposes millions of young Europeans to routine consumption of substances which alter their sexual decisions and increase their chances of unsafe and regretted sex. For many, substance use has become an integral part of their strategic approach to sex, locking them into continued use. Tackling substances with both physiological and psychological links to sex requires approaching substance use and sexual behaviour in the same way that individuals experience them; as part of the same social process. |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-02139 |
Serial |
59700 |
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| Author |
Michaud, Pierre-André; Berchtold, André; Jeannin, André; Chossis, Isabelle; Suris, Joan-Carles |
| Title |
Secular trends in legal and illegal substance use among 16-20-year-old adolescents in Switzerland |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Swiss Medical Weekly |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
136 |
Issue |
19-20; 13.05.2006 |
Pages |
318-326 |
| Keywords |
adolescent; student; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; psychoactive substances; alcohol; tobacco in any form; illicit drug; cannabis; LSD; ecstasy; cocaine; heroin; statistical data; Switzerland |
| Abstract |
Background: Data targeting trends in legal and illegal substance use by adolescents are scarce. Using the data from two similar large national surveys run in 1993 and 2002, this paper assesses secular trends in rates of substance use among 16-20-year-old Swiss adolescents. Methods: Self-reported regular use of tobacco, alcohol misuse, regular cannabis use (01 occasion over last 30 days) and lifetime use of psychoactive medication, LSD, ecstasy, cocaine and heroine were assessed through identical questions using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. 9268 (1993) and 7428 (2002) high school students and apprentices were included in the analyses. Results: There is a higher proportion of regular smokers among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Between 1993 and 2002 the increase in regular tobacco consumption was significant among both female and male apprentices (p <0.001) but not among students. Between 1993 and 2002 alcohol misuse significantly increased in all four groups (p <0.001). It is more prevalent among males than among females (p <0.001) and higher among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Regular use of cannabis has increased in the four groups (p <0.0001). It is higher among males than among females (p <0.001), while it is largely the same among students and apprentices. While the increase in ecstasy use is highly significant in all four groups (p <0.001), the increase in LSD and cocaine use is significant among apprentices only (p <0.001). Use of LSD, ecstasy and cocaine is more prevalent among males than among females (<0.001) and higher among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Conclusion: The secular increase in psychoactive substance use among older Swiss adolescents calls for the implementation of effective strategies both from individual and public health viewpoints. |
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| ISSN |
1424-3997 |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-00924 |
Serial |
59679 |
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