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Reuter, P., & Stevens, A. (2007). An analysis of UK drug policy. The UK Drug Policy Commission (UKDPC).
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; legal regulation; law; AOD use; history; AOD dependence; treatment and maintenance; harm reduction; heroin-assisted treatment; needle distribution and exchange; cost-effectiveness; crime; communicable disease; research; law enforcement; policy recommendations; United Kingdom
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Ghodse, A. H., Jones, M. O., Gauntlett, A. N., Cremers, L., Schoemann, O., & de Lammalle, J. P. (1990). The evaluation of methadone substitution therapy and its impact on HIV risk behaviours : protocol. London; Brussels: St. George's Hospital Medical School; Projet Lama.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; outpatient care; HIV infection; study
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Hedrich, D. (2000). Problem drug use by women : focus on community-based intervention. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
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Barendregt, C., & Trautmann, F. (1996). With a little help from my friends : a survey on non-intentional peer influences among drug users. Utrecht: Trimbos Institute.
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Southgate, E., Day, C., Kimber, J., Weatherall, A. M., MacDonald, M., Woolcock, G., et al. (2003). Dealing with risk : a multidisciplinary study of injecting drug use, hepatitis C and other blood-borne viruses in Australia (J. Stokes, Ed.). Canberra: Australian National Council on Drugs (ANCD).
Keywords: intravenous drug user; viral disease; hepatitis C; epidemiology; prostitution; needle distribution and exchange; case study; survey of research; Australia; Sydney; Brisbane
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Wiessing, L. (2001). Injecting drug users in Europe : towards an educational approach. Peddro, (Special issue : Drug abuse and AIDS - stemming the), 26–28.
Keywords: intravenous drug user; education; harm reduction; HIV infection; Aids; viral hepatitis; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; prevention; prison; international area; Europe
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Chevrou-Séverac, H., Wieser, S., Holly, A., Brügger, U., & Schleiniger, R. (2007). Assessing the return on investments (cost-benefits) of prevention in Switzerland : a feasibility study. Lausanne; Winterthur: Université de Lausanne, Institute of Health Economics and Management; Winterthurer Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie.
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Ogborne, A. C., Carver, V., & Wiebe, J. (2001). Harm reduction and injection drug use : an international comparative study of contextual factors influencing the development and implementation of relevant policies and programs. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Substance Abuse (CCSA).
Abstract: This study examined the socio-political context for harm reduction initiatives related to injection drug use and HIV/AIDS and HCV in Canada and five other countries: Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The aim was to identify options that might be considered to further harm reduction policies and practices in Canada.
Keywords: harm reduction; harm reduction policy; intravenous injection; infection; HIV infection; Aids; hepatitis C; program planning; program implementation; Canada; Australia; Germany; Netherlands; Switzerland; United Kingdom
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Corkery, J. M. (2013). Analysis of the data sources, numbers and characteristics of cocaine-related DRD cases reported in special mortality registries, or eventually in general mortality registries (GMR) when necessary. Lisbon; Hertfordshire: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Prevalence, Consequences and Data Management Unit; University of Hertfordshire.
Abstract: There have been increased numbers of cocaine-related deaths reported in some European countries since the early 1990s and there are indications that cocaine deaths are more difficult to define, detect and record as such in mortality registries, and more particularly in some countries’ General Mortality Registries due to coding practices. This project aimed to describe the trend in numbers of cocaine-related deaths reported to mortality registries over 15 years in some European countries. In addition, it aimed to provide information on the demographic and drug-use characteristics of recent cases. Nineteen countries responded to a survey on cocaine-related deaths. The identification and coding of cocaine-related deaths varies across registers and across countries. The study shows that during the 2000s there was an increasing upward trend in the numbers of these deaths, followed by a decline in most countries. By far, most deaths were reported in the UK and Spain. Most victims were males (7-9 in 10), in their late 20s or early 30s, having often used cocaine with opioids and sometimes with more drugs. Most of the reported cases died of an overdose. The report also calls for further examination of deaths indirectly related to cocaine use.
Keywords: AOD use pattern; AODR mortality; AOD overdose; illicit drug; cocaine; opioids in any form; demographic characteristics; statistical data; survey; international area; Europe
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Buster, M., Giraudon, I., Matias, J., Vicente, J., & Taylor, C. (2012). Mortality among drug users : guidelines for carrying out, analysing and reporting key figures 2011-2012. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Prevalence, Consequences and Data Management Unit.
Abstract: Drug-related mortality is a complex phenomenon, which accounts for a considerable percentage of deaths among young people in many European countries. The EMCDDA, in collaboration with national experts, has defined an epidemiological indicator with two components at present: deaths directly caused by illegal drugs (drug-induced deaths) and mortality rates among problem drug users. These two components can fulfil several public health and methodological objectives, notably as an indicator of the overall health impact of drug use and the components of this impact. This standard protocol focuses on the second component (mortality). It provides national focal points and experts with a guide for carrying out, analysing and reporting to the EMCDDA the key figures on mortality among drug users. It describes the features of the Fonte web-based interface which allow the Member States to report their mortality data to the EMCDDA. Each centre must adopt specific and effective procedures to ensure the absolute confidentiality of the information gathered and that the appropriate legislation on data protection, ethical approval and consent are respected.
Keywords: AOD use pattern; AODR mortality; epidemiological indicators; AOD overdose; illicit drug; cocaine; opioids in any form; demographic characteristics; adolescent; AOD user; AOD dependent; statistical data; survey; international area; Europe
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