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Michaud, P. - A., Berchtold, A., Jeannin, A., Chossis, I., & Suris, J. - C. (2006). Secular trends in legal and illegal substance use among 16-20-year-old adolescents in Switzerland. Swiss Medical Weekly, 136(19-20; 13.05.2006), 318–326.
Abstract: Background: Data targeting trends in legal and illegal substance use by adolescents are scarce. Using the data from two similar large national surveys run in 1993 and 2002, this paper assesses secular trends in rates of substance use among 16-20-year-old Swiss adolescents. Methods: Self-reported regular use of tobacco, alcohol misuse, regular cannabis use (01 occasion over last 30 days) and lifetime use of psychoactive medication, LSD, ecstasy, cocaine and heroine were assessed through identical questions using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. 9268 (1993) and 7428 (2002) high school students and apprentices were included in the analyses. Results: There is a higher proportion of regular smokers among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Between 1993 and 2002 the increase in regular tobacco consumption was significant among both female and male apprentices (p <0.001) but not among students. Between 1993 and 2002 alcohol misuse significantly increased in all four groups (p <0.001). It is more prevalent among males than among females (p <0.001) and higher among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Regular use of cannabis has increased in the four groups (p <0.0001). It is higher among males than among females (p <0.001), while it is largely the same among students and apprentices. While the increase in ecstasy use is highly significant in all four groups (p <0.001), the increase in LSD and cocaine use is significant among apprentices only (p <0.001). Use of LSD, ecstasy and cocaine is more prevalent among males than among females (<0.001) and higher among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Conclusion: The secular increase in psychoactive substance use among older Swiss adolescents calls for the implementation of effective strategies both from individual and public health viewpoints.
Keywords: adolescent; student; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; psychoactive substances; alcohol; tobacco in any form; illicit drug; cannabis; LSD; ecstasy; cocaine; heroin; statistical data; Switzerland
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Liechti, W. (2009). Von der Trinkerrettung zur staatlich finanzierten Fachorganisation : die Suchtberatung des Blauen Kreuzes im Kontext staatlicher Steuerungsversuche. Sozial aktuell : die Fachzeitschrift für soziale Arbeit, 41(1; 01/2009), 30–31.
Abstract: Das Blaue Kreuz hat sich in 130 Jahren von einer Bewegung zu einer international tätigen Fachorganisation der Suchthilfe entwickelt, spezialisiert auf Alkohol. Als diakonisches Hilfswerk orientiert sich die Arbeit auch am christlichen Glauben. Die Angebote sind auf gesellschaftliche Anforderungen ausgerichtet. Von den Leistungsvereinbarungen mit den Kantonen profitieren nicht nur die beiden Vertragspartner, sondern vor allem auch die KlientInnen.
Keywords: counseling; social institution; christianity; government and politics; financing; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; Switzerland; Blaues Kreuz (body)
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Mann, R. (2004). Substitution und Fahrerlaubnis – Nachweis der Kraftfahreignung gemäss Fahrerlaubnis-Verordnung ( FeV ). Akzeptanzorientierte Drogenarbeit = Acceptance-oriented drug work, 1(01.12.2004), 10–11.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; drug substitution therapy; methadone maintenance; buprenorphine; AOD use and driving; specific AODU measurement and test; laws and regulations; Germany
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Klingemann, H. (2007). Männer in kritischen Lebenslagen : Analyse und Ansätze für Behandlung und Prävention = Men in critical circumstances : analysis and approaches of treatment and prevention. Suchttherapie : Prävention, Behandlung, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen, 8(3; 03/2007), 95–102.
Abstract: Biographische Statuspassagen und spezifische situative Herausforderungen in Männerwelten sind potentiell stresserzeugend sowie gesundheitsschädigend und verdeutlichen spezielle Bedürfnisse. Diese Ausgangsanalyse liefert wichtige Anhaltspunkte wenn es um männerorientierte therapeutische, präventive oder sonstige Interventionen geht. Prekäre Lebenslagen und Statuspassagen bei Männern sind überaus komplex. Während die Adoleszenzphase noch beachtliche wissenschaftliche und politische Aufmerksamkeit auf sich zieht, so werden wichtige biographische Männerproblemlagen, die auch mit Sucht und anderen risikoreichen Verhaltensweisen zusammenhängen, schlichtweg ignoriert. Aus diesem Blickwinkel werden zunächst Vatersein, Gewalt, Sexualität und Alter beispielhaft herausgegriffen. Im zweiten Teil wird zunächst der allgemeine Befund der geringeren Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheitsversorgungssystems durch Männer ganz allgemein erläutert und mit ,femininen Grundstrukturen‘ des Systems in Zusammenhang gebracht. Daran anschließend erfolgt eine Überprüfung der ,Männertauglichkeit‘ suchtspezifischer Behandlungssettings ergänzt durch Beispiele für geschlechtsrollenadäquate Behandlungsmodalitäten. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Blick auf die Vernachlässigung des Zusammenhangs ‘Maskulinität – Risikoverhalten – Sucht‘ auch im Bereich der Prävention. Biographical status passages and specific challenges in men’s worlds tend to generate stress, health damage and point out specific needs. This assessment provides important reference points for the discussion of men-specific therapeutic, preventive or other types of interventions. Furthermore precarious life situations and status passages of men prove to be very complex. While the transition from adolescence to adulthood has met with considerable scientific and political interest, key life transitions of men, which are often linked with addiction or other high risk behaviours have been largely ignored. From this analytical perspective, firstly fatherhood, violence, sexuality and old age are highlighted, Secondly the general finding that men seek much less frequently help is discussed in view of the general health care system and its basic feminine rules and structure. Finally the fit of addiction specific treatment programs with men specific needs is taken up complemented by suggestions for gender role adequate treatment modalities. The article concludes with a look at the neglect of the relationship between ‘masculinity – risk behaviour – addiction’ in the area of prevention programs.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; prevention; health care utilization; health-related behavior; risk; addiction; violence; gender; target group; man; adolescence; family; parent; Switzerland
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Katz, M. H. (2008). Interventions to increase interventions are needed. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 14(3; 05/2008), 224–227.
Keywords: health promotion; public health; San Francisco
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Kläusler, B., & Kläusler-Senn, C. (2009). Eine Chance für die Soziale Arbeit : psychosoziale Behandlungsansätze am Beispiel des Community Reinforcement Approach. Sozial aktuell : die Fachzeitschrift für soziale Arbeit, 41(1; 01/2009), 25–26.
Abstract: Die Soziale Arbeit hat eine lange Tradition in der ambulanten und stationären Behandlung von Menschen mit einer Substanzstörung. Methoden wie Case Management, Beratung, sozialpädagogische Konzepte sowie psychotherapeutische Ansätze bilden dabei eine wichtige Grundlage. Doch diese Zugänge werden von Vertretern einer eher soziologischen Sichtweise der Sozialen Arbeit immer wieder kritisiert.
Keywords: AOD dependence; treatment and maintenance; inpatient care; outpatient care; psychotherapy; case management; community involvement; counseling; social work (field); social services; sociology; Switzerland
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Karcher, M. J. (2008). The Study of Mentoring in the Learning Environment (SMILE) : a randomized evaluation of the effectiveness of school-based mentoring. Prevention Science, 9(2; 06/2008), 99–113.
Abstract: The effect of providing youth school-based mentoring (SBM), in addition to other school-based support services, was examined with a sample of 516 predominately Latino students across 19 schools. Participants in a multi-component, school-based intervention program run by a youth development agency were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (1) supportive services alone or (2) supportive services plus SBM. Compared to community-based mentoring, the duration of the SBM was brief (averaging eight meetings), partly because the agency experienced barriers to retaining mentors. Intent-to-treat (ITT) main effects of SBM were tested using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and revealed small, positive main effects of mentoring on self-reported connectedness to peers, self-esteem (global and present-oriented), and social support from friends, but not on several other measures, including grades and social skills. Three-way cross-level interactions of sex and school level (elementary, middle, and high school) revealed that elementary school boys and high school girls benefited the most from mentoring. Among elementary school boys, those in the mentoring condition reported higher social skills (empathy and cooperation), hopefulness, and connectedness both to school and to culturally different peers. Among high school girls, those mentored reported greater connectedness to culturally different peers, self-esteem, and support from friends. Findings suggest no or iatrogenic effects of mentoring for older boys and younger girls. Therefore, practitioners coordinating multi-component programs that include SBM would be wise to provide mentors to the youth most likely to benefit from SBM and bolster program practices that help to support and retain mentors.
Keywords: school; social behavior; social integration; target group; child; adolescent; United States
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Kamber, D. (2009). Experimentelle Freiräume erhalten : der Suchtmittelkonsum der Jugend und die Aufgaben der Fachleute. Sozial aktuell : die Fachzeitschrift für soziale Arbeit, 41(1; 01/2009), 27–29.
Abstract: Jugendliche brauchen zu einer gesunden Entwicklung gesellschaftliche Freiräume. Das Experimentieren mit Suchtmitteln kann dabei Teil der Erkundigung sein. Unsere Aufgabe ist es, zu frühen Kontakt zu verhindern und dort einzugreifen, wo sich Fehlentwicklungen anbahnen.
Keywords: AOD use behavior; target group; adolescent; binge drinking; atitude toward AOD; Switzerland
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Junod Perron, N., & Hudleson, P. (2006). Somatisation : illness perspectives of asylum seeker and refugee patients from the former country of Yugoslavia. BioMed Central Family Practice, 7(10; 15.02.2006), 7.
Abstract: Somatisation is particularly challenging in multicultural contexts where patients and physicians often differ in terms of their illness-related beliefs and practices and health care expectations. This paper reports on a exploratory study aimed at better understanding how asylum seeker and refugee patients from the former country of Yugoslavia who were identified by their physicians as somatising make sense of their suffering.
Keywords: health services, prevention, and treatment research; treatment-provider-patient relations; migration; Yugoslavia; Switzerland; Geneva
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Hölzmann, C. (2004). Ist Case Management/Motivational Interviewing (CM/MI) mit den Grundsätzen der akzeptanzorientierten Drogenarbeit vereinbar? : eine Diskussion zur Betreuungsmethode CM/MI im bundesdeutschen Modellprojekt zur heroingestützten Behandlung Opiatabhängiger. Akzeptanzorientierte Drogenarbeit = Acceptance-oriented drug work, 1(14.12.2004), 12–16.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; heroin-assisted treatment; case management; Germany
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