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Author |
Eckmann, Franziska; Schaaf, Susanne |
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Title |
Développement de la qualité : bilan intermédiaire |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Dépendances : des réflexions, des pratiques autour du champ des drogues légales et illégales |
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24 |
Pages |
20-22 |
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Keywords |
treatment and maintenance; patient care management; patient assessment; quality control; Switzerland; QuaTheDa |
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Abstract |
Le bilan du développment de QuaThéDa est positif au point de vue professionnel, mais les problèmes de financement ainsi que de transfert de compétences de la Confédéreation aux cantons pourraient mettre en péril les acquis d’une politique qulaité au sein des institutions. Selon les auteures, seule une mise en place de conditions cadres valables pour tous les canton permettra le maintien de thérapies résidentielles de qualité. |
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French |
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1422-3368 |
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50-12092 |
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59951 |
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Author |
Manthe, Kathrin |
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Title |
Die Wirksamkeit von Safer-Use-Beratungen im Rahmen niedrigschwelliger, akzeptanzorientierter Drogenhilfe : Ergebnisse einer Studie zur Verwendung von Tuberkulinspritzen |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
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Akzeptanzorientierte Drogenarbeit = Acceptance-oriented drug work |
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Volume |
8 |
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24.05.2011 |
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6-13 |
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harm reduction; counseling; treatment and maintenance; intravenous injection; illegal drug use; research; study; Germany |
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German |
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1861-0110 |
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50-11936 |
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59950 |
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Author |
Clerc Bérod, Annick; Schalbetter, Pascale; Barman, Jean-Daniel |
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Title |
Die Messung von Behandlungsergebnissen bei Suchtkranken : Erfahrungen der Walliser Liga gegen die Suchtgefahren |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Abhängigkeiten : Forschung und Praxis der Prävention und Behandlung |
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1 |
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4-22 |
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Keywords |
addiction; psychoactive substances; treatment outcome; evaluation; statistical data; Switzerland; journal article |
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Die Frage nach der Wirksamkeit von Suchtbehandlungen ist für Institutionen, die sich mit Abhängigkeiten von psychoaktiven Substanzen befassen, in den Vordergrund gerückt. Gefordert werden die Auswertung von Behandlungsergebnissen sowie verlässliche Daten über die Entwicklung der Klienten nach erfolgter Behandlung. Bei der Beurteilung der Behandlungsergebnisse geht es nicht nur um den Konsum der Substanz, die zum Problem geführt hat, sondern um alle Umstände, die mit der Lebenssituation des Klienten in Beziehung stehen. Die Walliser Liga gegen die Suchtgefahren (LVT) ist verantwortlich für die Betreuung von Personen im Kanton Wallis, die vom Konsum psychoaktiver Substanzen betroffen sind. Diese Arbeit berichtet über die von der LVT gesetzten Schwerpunkte sowie die verschiedenen durchgeführten Studien und liefert eine Auswahl der ersten Ergebnisse. Les questions de l’évaluation des résultats des traitements et de la connaissance du devenir précis des clients après la période d’exposition au traitement sont devenues importantes pour les institutions spécialisées dans la prise en charge des problèmes de consommation de substances psychoactives. Les résultats des traitements ne se limitent plus seulement à l’usage qui est fait de la substance posant problème, mais touchent l’ensemble des problèmes qui y sont associés. La Ligue Valaisanne contre les Toxicomanies, organisme responsable de la prise en charge des personnes ayant un problème de consommation de substances psychoactives dans le canton du Valais, a déployé des moyens spécifiques pour augmenter sa connaissance des résultats de ses propres traitements. Ces moyens sont, par exemple, l’introduction d’un instrument d’évaluation de la clientèle (ASI/IGT) ou la mise en place d’une étude de catamnèse dans son secteur résidentiel. Les choix opérés par la LVT, les différentes études conduites et une sélection des premiers résultats obtenus sont présentés. The question of the effectiveness of addiction treatments has become a central focus of institutions dealing with psychoactive substance dependencies. Here, both the evaluation of therapeutic results and reliable data on the post-treatment progress of the patients are required. The assessment of the therapeutic results must go beyond simply looking at the consumption of the substance that caused the problem in the first place, but should include all circumstances that are linked to the life situation of the patient. The Valaisan League against Drug-addiction LVT (Ligue Valaisanne contre les Toxicomanies) is responsible for the care of persons in the Canton Valais who have problems with the consumption of psychoactive substances. The League has developed specific instruments for expanding its knowledge concerning the effectiveness of its own addiction therapies. These instruments include, for example, a patient addiction severity index (ASI/IGT) and a systematic evaluation of inpatient follow-ups. This article reports on the main priorities defined by the LVT and on the various studies that have been conducted and presents a selection of the initial results. |
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German |
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1420-2999 |
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50-11911 |
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59949 |
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Author |
Hövel, Jörg Auf dem |
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Title |
Das normalisierte Drogenparadies am Ende Europas |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Telepolis |
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14.06.2011 |
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4 |
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Keywords |
AOD use; legal regulation; drug legalization; harm reduction; AOD dependent; Portugal |
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Abstract |
In Portugal ist der Konsum aller Drogen seit zehn Jahren entkriminalisiert. Die Erfahrungen sind positiv. Weitgehend ignoriert von der europäischen Öffentlichkeit läuft in Portugal seit zehn Jahren ein denkwürdiges drogenpolitisches Experiment. Seit 2001 stehen der Erwerb und Gebrauch jedweder Droge zum persönlichen Vergnügen oder der Ruinierung der Persönlichkeit nicht mehr unter Strafe. Damals vermuteten Drogenexperten, dass Portugal zum El Dorado des unkontrollierten Rausches werden würde. Die Realität sieht heute anders aus. |
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German |
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Call Number |
50-11904 |
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59948 |
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Author |
Frick, Ulrich; Rössler, Wulf |
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Title |
Finanzierungsmodelle und Anreizsysteme in der Suchtbehandlung aus deutscher und schweizerischer Perspektive |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Suchttherapie : Prävention, Behandlung, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
18-24 |
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Keywords |
health care administration; social equality; financing; incentive; addiction; Germany; Switzerland |
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Abstract |
Die gesundheitspolitischen Zielsetzungen des ungehinderten Leistungszugangs, der Versorgungsgerechtigkeit, der Wirksamkeit und der Effizienz sind unmittelbar verbunden mit der Verfassung der Finanzierungswege in Versorgungssystemen. Die Mittelallokation von den Leistungseinkäufern zu den Leistungserbringern kann nach drei Systematiken mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Anreizwirkungen unterschieden werden: Variabilität versus Fixierung von Kosten, prospektive versus retrospektive Bezahlungsform und unterschiedlicher Pauschalisierungsgrad der Erstattungseinheiten. Für die Suchttherapien ist zudem ein unübersichtlicher Mix aus leistungsbezogenen Entgelten und institutioneller Förderung fast schon typisch und erschwert Evaluationen. Die gegenwärtigen Reformen der Gesundheitssysteme bemühen sich zumeist um fixe Kosten, die prospektiv erstattet werden und einen zunehmend höheren Pauschalisierungsgrad für das entgoltene Paket von Dienstleistungen annehmen. Dies soll der Kostenbegrenzung und Effizienzsteigerung dienen. Methodisch suffiziente Evaluationen sind in überraschend geringer Zahl vorgelegt worden, so dass die Wirkungen der Finanzreformen erst nach und nach beschrieben werden können. Mit der Integration aller Finanzierungsformen der stationären Suchttherapien in ein einheitliches System wird in der Schweiz gegenwärtig ein radikaler und zukünftig beachtenswerter Systemwechsel vorbereitet. Health policy goals of access, equity, effectiveness and efficiency are linked to the financing of the health care system. Three different categorisations of modes for allocating resources to the providers are usual: variable vs. fixed costs, prospective vs. retrospective payment and different levels of defining lump sums to be reimbursed. The field of substance abuse can additionally be characterised by a mixture of performance-based fees and institutional subventions which makes evaluation of financial incentives almost impossible. Current changes in the health care system mostly strive for fixed costs, prospective payment and high levels of defining services. The goal of such changes is to limit costs and increase efficiency. However, there have been surprisingly few evaluations with good methodology. For inpatient addiction therapies Switzerland has created a radical change of financing system which should be taken into consideration for future developments. |
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German |
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ISSN |
1439-9903 |
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Call Number |
50-11830 |
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59946 |
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Author |
Holloway, Kathy; Bennett, Trevor |
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Title |
Gender differences in drug misuse and related problem behaviors among arrestees in the UK |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Substance use and misuse |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
6; 06.05.2007 |
Pages |
899-921 |
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Keywords |
treatment and maintenance; prison; gender differences; AOD use; AOD misuse; AOD dependence; AODR crime; United Kingdom |
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Abstract |
Traditionally, the addiction literature has focused on male drug users and less attention has been given to female users. More recently, research investigating gender differences in drug use and associated problem behaviors has emerged. This article contributes to the growing research base by drawing on data collected from structured interviews with 2,682 male and 453 female arrestees conducted as part of the New English and Welsh Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (1999-2002) program. Clear gender differences in drug use and associated behaviors are identified. Women were found to be more serious drug users and to experience more associated problems than men. The research and policy implications of the research are discussed and the study’s limitations are noted. |
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1532-2491 (electronic); 1082-6084 (paper) |
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Call Number |
50-11806 |
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59943 |
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Author |
Volkow, Nora D.; Fowler, Joanna S.; Wang, Gene-Jack |
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Title |
The addicted human brain : insights from imaging studies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
10; 05/2003 |
Pages |
1444-1451 |
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Keywords |
addiction; brain; neuroscience (field); neurobiology (field); research |
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Imaging studies have revealed neurochemical and functional changes in the brains of drug-addicted subjects that provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying addiction. Neurochemical studies have shown that large and fast increases in dopamine are associated with the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, but also that after chronic drug abuse and during withdrawal, brain dopamine function is markedly decreased and these decreases are associated with dysfunction of prefrontal regions (including orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus). The changes in brain dopamine function are likely to result in decreased sensitivity to natural reinforcers since dopamine also mediates the reinforcing effects of natural reinforcers and on disruption of frontal cortical functions, such as inhibitory control and salience attribution. Functional imaging studies have shown that during drug intoxication, or during craving, these frontal regions become activated as part of a complex pattern that includes brain circuits involved with reward (nucleus accumbens), motivation (orbitofrontal cortex), memory (amygdala and hippocampus), and cognitive control (prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus). Here, we integrate these findings and propose a model that attempts to explain the loss of control and compulsive drug intake that characterize addiction. Specifically, we propose that in drug addiction the value of the drug and drug-related stimuli is enhanced at the expense of other reinforcers. This is a consequence of conditioned learning and of the resetting of reward thresholds as an adaptation to the high levels of stimulation induced by drugs of abuse. In this model, during exposure to the drug or drug-related cues, the memory of the expected reward results in overactivation of the reward and motivation circuits while decreasing the activity in the cognitive control circuit. This contributes to an inability to inhibit the drive to seek and consume the drug and results in compulsive drug intake. This model has implications for therapy, for it suggests a multi-prong approach that targets strategies to decrease the rewarding properties of drugs, to enhance the rewarding properties of alternative reinforcers, to interfere with conditioned-learned associations, and to strengthen cognitive control in the treatment of drug addiction. |
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0021-9738 |
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Call Number |
50-11804 |
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59942 |
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Author |
Schütze, Madlen; Boeing, Heiner; Pischon, Tobias; various |
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Title |
alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
British medical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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online first; 04.01.2011 |
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10 |
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cancer; alcohol; social and economic cost of AOD; statistical data; research; Europe; study |
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Abstract |
OBJECTIVE:To compute the burden of cancer attributable to current and former alcohol consumption in eight European countries based on direct relative risk estimates from a cohort study. DESIGN: Combination of prospective cohort study with representative population based data on alcohol exposure. Setting Eight countries (France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Denmark) participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. PARTICIPANTS: 109,118 men and 254,870 women, mainly aged 37-70. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hazard rate ratios expressing the relative risk of cancer incidence for former and current alcohol consumption among EPIC participants. Hazard rate ratios combined with representative information on alcohol consumption to calculate alcohol attributable fractions of causally related cancers by country and sex. Partial alcohol attributable fractions for consumption higher than the recommended upper limit (two drinks a day for men with about 24 g alcohol, one for women with about 12 g alcohol) and the estimated total annual number of cases of alcohol attributable cancer. RESULTS: If we assume causality, among men and women, 10% (95% confidence interval 7 to 13%) and 3% (1 to 5%) of the incidence of total cancer was attributable to former and current alcohol consumption in the selected European countries. For selected cancers the figures were 44% (31 to 56%) and 25% (5 to 46%) for upper aerodigestive tract, 33% (11 to 54%) and 18% (-3 to 38%) for liver, 17% (10 to 25%) and 4% (-1 to 10%) for colorectal cancer for men and women, respectively, and 5.0% (2 to 8%) for female breast cancer. A substantial part of the alcohol attributable fraction in 2008 was associated with alcohol consumption higher than the recommended upper limit: 33,037 of 178,578 alcohol related cancer cases in men and 17,470 of 397,043 alcohol related cases in women. CONCLUSIONS:In western Europe, an important proportion of cases of cancer can be attributable to alcohol consumption, especially consumption higher than the recommended upper limits. These data support current political efforts to reduce or to abstain from alcohol consumption to reduce the incidence of cancer. |
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0959-535x |
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50-11797 |
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59941 |
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Author |
Maller, Cecily; Townsend, Mardie; Anita Pryor, Anita; Brown, Peter; St. Leger, Lawrence |
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Title |
Healthy nature healthy people: “contact with nature” as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Health Promotion International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
1; 22.12.2005 |
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45-54 |
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physical environment; nature; mental health; public health; health promotion |
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Whilst urban-dwelling individuals who seek out parks and gardens appear to intuitively understand the personal health and well-being benefits arising from ‘contact with nature’, public health strategies are yet to maximize the untapped resource nature provides, including the benefits of nature contact as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations. This paper presents a summary of empirical, theoretical and anecdotal evidence drawn from a literature review of the human health benefits of contact with nature. Initial findings indicate that nature plays a vital role in human health and well-being, and that parks and nature reserves play a significant role by providing access to nature for individuals. Implications suggest contact with nature may provide an effective population-wide strategy in prevention of mental ill health, with potential application for sub-populations, communities and individuals at higher risk of ill health. Recommendations include further investigation of ‘contact with nature’ in population health, and examination of the benefits of nature-based interventions. To maximize use of ‘contact with nature’ in the health promotion of populations, collaborative strategies between researchers and primary health, social services, urban planning and environmental management sectors are required. This approach offers not only an augmentation of existing health promotion and prevention activities, but provides the basis for a socio-ecological approach to public health that incorporates environmental sustainability. |
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1460-2245 (electronic); 0957-4824 (paper) |
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Call Number |
50-11790 |
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59940 |
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Author |
Thrul, Johannes; Kuendig, Hervé |
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Title |
Weniger stark Rauchende, mehr Gelegenheitsrauchende |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
SuchtMagazin |
Abbreviated Journal |
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40 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
35-39 |
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AOD consumption; tobacco in any form; smoking; study; statistical data; trend; Switzerland |
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Abstract |
Das Rauchen von Tabak stellt weltweit eines der grössten Risiken für die Gesundheit dar. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden anhand der Daten der Schweizerischen Gesundheitsbefragungen (SGB) von 1992 bis 2012 die Trends des Rauchens für verschiedene Gruppen von RaucherInnen nachgezeichnet. Vor allem der Anteil der sehr starken RaucherInnen ist von 1992 bis 2012 deutlich zurückgegangen. Ein gleichzeitiger Anstieg von gelegentlichem Rauchen führte jedoch dazu, dass die Raucherquoten im Jahr 2012 insgesamt etwa denen von 1992 entsprachen. In einer detaillierten Betrachtung der Rauchergruppen wurde eine Polarisierung deutlich: Die verbliebenen sehr starken RaucherInnen unternahmen weniger Aufhörversuche und berichteten einen schlechteren Gesundheitszustand. |
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German |
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1422-2221 |
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Call Number |
60.01-001 |
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