Keywords: government and politics; laws and regulations; public policy on AOD; law enforcement; police; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; prevalence; epidemiology; AODR mortality; AOD dependent; demographic characteristics; licit drug; alcohol; illicit drug; heroin; cannabis; marijuana in any form; cocaine; opium; drug decriminalization; group counseling; treatment and maintenance; drug substitution therapy; methadone maintenance; heroin-assisted treatment; drug market; history; harm reduction; international area; United Kingdom; United States