European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2007). Cocaine and crack cocaine : a growing public health issue. Selected issues. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: In a Selected issue on ‘Cocaine and crack cocaine: a growing public health issue’ the EMCDDA shows that, in some European countries, there has been a marked increase in recent years in the use of cocaine, in treatment demands for cocaine problems and in seizures of the drug. The potential for cocaine use to have a major impact on public health is examined and special attention given to the health consequences of cocaine use, which are often not well recognised in existing reporting systems. Also examined are the challenges to providing effective treatment for cocaine and crack cocaine dependence.
Keywords: government and politics; international area; Europe
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2010). Trends in injecting drug use in Europe. Selected issues. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: Trends in injecting drug use in Europe is the title of the latest EMCDDA Selected issue publication. This volume brings together data from a wide variety of sources as it describes Europe’s current drug injecting problem and plots its trends in recent years. Responses to drug injecting and measures to reduce the harm caused by this form of drug use are also reviewed. The report finds that the available data point to a stable or declining trend of injecting in most European countries, with effective treatment and harm-reduction measures now reaching many users. Despite this, there is still a large population of drug injectors in Europe, and there continue to be signs of recent recruitment in some countries.
Keywords: intravenous injection; addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; treatment and maintenance; patient; prevalence; risk-taking behavior; AOD effects and consequences; target group; intravenous drug user; drug substitution therapy; harm reduction; needle distribution and exchange; intervention (persuasion to treatment); route of administration by method or body site; history; Europe
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2003). Report on the risk assessment of PMMA in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs. Risk assessments. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: The report assesses the risks of PMMA, especially in association with the already controlled substance PMA (para-methoxyamphetamine). PMMA, is an amphetamine-like substance very close to PMA, and is almost exclusively sold in tablet form in combination with the latter and consumed as ‘ecstasy’. It has been associated, in combination with PMA, with three deaths in the EU. PMMA is devoid of any therapeutic value. Further to the conclusions of the EMCDDA risk assessment, on 28 February 2002, the Council of the European Union adopted a unanimous decision defining the new synthetic drug PMMA (para-methoxymethylamphetamine) as a substance to be placed under control measures and criminal penalties in the EU Member States.
Keywords: amphetamines; monitoring; risk assessment; designer drug; research chemical; report; Europe
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2002). Report on the risk assessment of GHB in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs. Risk assessments. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: Since the mid-1990s, GHB – widely used in human and veterinary medicine for 30 years – has been surfacing as a recreational drug. Some EU countries have reported worries over GHB’s surreptitious use in sexual assaults. Although the extent of this is unknown, the EMCDDA and its risk-assessment partners are recommending that Member States consider the role of GHB and other drugs in this area. The risk-assessment exercise was carried out in 2000 in the framework of the Joint action on new synthetic drugs. In March 2001, the EU Justice and Home Affairs Council adopted formal conclusions that Member States should monitor this drug closely. This publication records the findings and conclusions of the exercise. Among others, it draws together the various elements used to assess the substance including: the final risk-assessment report; contributions from Europol and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products; a review of pharmacotoxicological data; epidemiological evidence on the associated public-health risks and sociological and criminological evidence.
Keywords: amphetamines; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; monitoring; risk assessment; designer drug; research chemical; report; Europe
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2009). Report on the risk assessment of BZP in the framework of the Council decision on new psychoactive substances. Risk assessments. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: This publication presents the findings of the formal risk assessment on BZP, produced in 2007 by the Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA, with participation of additional experts from the European Commission, Europol and the EMEA. The risk assessment report, which was submitted to the European Commission and the Council of the European Union on 31 May 2007, examines the health and social risks of the drug, as well as information on international trafficking and the involvement of organised crime. Furthermore, the report considers the potential implications for placing the drug under control in the EU. On the basis of this report — and on the initiative of the European Commission — on 3 March 2008, the Council decided that BZP is to be subject to control measures.
Keywords: risk assessment; report; Europe
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (1999). Guidelines for the risk assessment of new synthetic drugs. Risk assessments. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,.
Abstract: This publication was drawn up by the steering group created by the EMCDDA’s Scientific Committee in November 1998 to establish guidelines to assess the risks of all new synthetic drugs identified under the terms of the Joint Action concerning the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new synthetic drugs adopted on 16 June 1997 by the Council of the European Union. The publication explains the history of the joint action and how it operates, and outlines basic principles, a conceptual framework and quality information for future risk assessments.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; psychoactive substances; designer drug; research chemical; legal regulation; risk assessment; Europe
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2011). Report on the risk assessment of mephedrone in the framework of the council decision on new psychoactive substances. Risk assessments. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: This publication presents the summary findings and the conclusions of the risk assessment on mephedrone, carried out by the EMCDDA’s extended Scientific Committee, with participation of additional experts from the European Commission, Europol and the EMA. The risk assessment report, which was submitted to the European Commission and the Council of the European Union 26 May 2010, examines the health and social risks of the drug, as well as information on international trafficking and the involvement of organised crime. Furthermore, the report considers the potential implications for placing the drug under control in the EU. On the basis of this report – and on the initiative of the European Commission – on 2 December 2010, the Council decided that mephedrone is to be subject to control measures.
Keywords: psychoactive substances; mephedrone; monitoring; risk assessment; report; Europe
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Simon, R., Spegel, H., Hüllinghorst, R., Nöcker, G., & David-Spickermann, M. (2002). Report to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point : Germany : drug situation 2001. Report to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Berlin: Deutsche Referenzstelle für die Europäische Beobachtungsstelle für Drogen und Drogensucht (DBDD).
Keywords: monitoring; government and politics; public policy on AOD; legal issues; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; trend; health and disease; AODR mortality; HIV infection; Aids; viral hepatitis; societal AODR problems; law enforcement; prevention through demand reduction; prevention; harm reduction; treatment and maintenance; prison; quality control; multiple drug use; cost (economic); adolescent; stigma; research; evaluation; Germany
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Spegel, H., Simon, R., Hüllinghorst, R., & David-Spickermann, M. (2003). Report to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point : Germany : drug situation 2002. Report to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Berlin: Deutsche Referenzstelle für die Europäische Beobachtungsstelle für Drogen und Drogensucht (DBDD).
Keywords: monitoring; government and politics; public policy on AOD; legal issues; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; trend; health and disease; AODR mortality; HIV infection; Aids; viral hepatitis; societal AODR problems; law enforcement; prevention through demand reduction; prevention; harm reduction; treatment and maintenance; prison; quality control; cannabis; comorbidity; evaluation; Germany
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Hoch, E., Simon, R., Hüllinghorst, R., Nöcker, G., & Spahlinger, M. P. (2000). Report on the drug situation in Germany 2000. Report on the drug situation in Germany. Berlin: Deutsche Referenzstelle für die Europäische Beobachtungsstelle für Drogen und Drogensucht (DBDD).
Keywords: monitoring; government and politics; public policy on AOD; legal issues; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; trend; health and disease; AODR mortality; HIV infection; Aids; viral hepatitis; societal AODR problems; law enforcement; prevention through demand reduction; prevention; harm reduction; treatment and maintenance; prison; self-help group; gender; child; parent; migration; quality control; cocaine in any form; Germany
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