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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (2012). Joint ECDC and EMCDDA rapid risk assessment : epidemiological update: anthrax cases among injecting drug users, June-July 2012 : update, 13 July 2012. Stockholm: Author.
Abstract: As of 10 July 2012, five cases of anthrax have been reported among injecting drug users (IDUs) from Germany (n=3), Denmark (n=1) and France (n=1). Reported dates of onset in all five cases range between early June 2012 and 11 July 2012. One German case and the case from Denmark have died. The first two cases from Germany are likely linked through exposure to heroin contaminated by a most likely identical Bacillus anthracis strain (based on molecular typing results). For the third German case there is also some laboratory evidence that the strain could be identical with the outbreak strain, but due to the limited amount of DNA, further typing is not possible. The link of the remaining two cases, though probable, needs to be confirmed through molecular typing. The geographical distribution of the potentially contaminated heroin is unknown at this time, but it is possible it has the same source as the contaminated heroin incriminated in the 2009/2010 outbreak in Scotland (with cases also reported from Germany and England). The risk of exposure for heroin users in European Union (EU) countries is presumably still present and therefore it is not excluded that additional cases among IDUs will be identified in the near future. Information could be disseminated to health care workers, drug treatment and harm reduction centres describing the symptoms of anthrax infection to ensure early treatment, and urging the provision of appropriately-dosed opiate substitution treatment to prevent further anthrax cases.
Keywords: addiction; heroin; AOD induced risk; drug safety; heroin-assisted treatment; prevention through education; information transfer; AODR mortality; risk assessment; Europe
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Fondation du Levant. (2012). La Fondation du Levant. Lausanne: Author.
Keywords: addiction; residential facility; outpatient care; inpatient care; HIV infection; needle distribution and exchange; Fondation du Levant (body); Vaud (canton); Switzerland
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Stellen für Suchtprävention im Kanton Zürich. (2012). Alkohol- und Tabakverkauf an Jugendliche : Leitfaden für Festveranstalter. Zürich: Stellen für Suchtprävention im Kanton Zürich.
Keywords: AOD supply; adolescent; prevention; prevention directed at groups; prevention program; supplying AOD to a minor; alcohol; tobacco product; laws and regulations; recommendations or guidelines; Zurich (canton)
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Stellen für Suchtprävention im Kanton Zürich. (2012). Checkliste für Festveranstalter : Jugendschutz beim Alkohol- und Tabakverkauf. Zürich: Stellen für Suchtprävention im Kanton Zürich.
Keywords: AOD supply; adolescent; prevention; prevention directed at groups; prevention program; supplying AOD to a minor; alcohol; tobacco product; laws and regulations; recommendations or guidelines; Zurich (canton)
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Stellen für Suchtprävention im Kanton Zürich. (2012). Gesetzesbestimmungen zu Alkohol und Tabak : Verkauf, Gratisabgabe, Schutz vor Passivrauchen, Bestimmungen für Schulen. Zürich: Stellen für Suchtprävention im Kanton Zürich.
Abstract: Rechtliche Bestimmungen bezüglich Alkohol und Tabak sind in einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Gesetzeswerken festgehalten. Die vorliegende Sammlung hat ihr Augenmerk auf dem Jugendschutz und richtet sich insbesondere an Verantwortliche von Verkaufs- und Gastronomiebetrieben. Sie enthält die wichtigsten eidgenössischen und kantonalzürcherischen Gesetzestexte zum Verkauf und zur Gratisabgabe von Alkohol und Tabak sowie zum Schutz vor Passivrauchen. Zudem enthält sie gesetzliche Bestimmungen und behördliche Regelungen zu Alkohol und Tabak im schulischen Bereich. Die Sammlung ist nicht vollständig. Insbesondere Regelungen bezüglich Werbung für Alkohol- und Tabakprodukte sind nur sehr lückenhaft aufgeführt. Wenn ein Sachverhalt sowohl eidgenössisch als auch kantonal geregelt wird, gilt jeweils die strengere der beiden Regelungen.
Keywords: AOD supply; adolescent; supplying AOD to a minor; alcohol; tobacco product; law; laws and regulations; school; student; Zurich (canton)
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Sucht Schweiz. (2012). Alkohol-, Tabak- und Cannabiskonsum bei Jugendlichen : Zahlen und Hintergründe. Lausanne: Author.
Abstract: Was weiss man über den Konsum psychoaktiver Substanzen von Jugendlichen in der Schweiz? In welchem Zusammenhang stehen Familie, Gleichaltrige und Schule dazu? Diese Broschüre stellt einige Ergebnisse der Schülerinnen- und Schülerbefragung HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) 2010 vor und gibt Hinweise für die Prävention.
Keywords: monitoring; adolescent; AOD use; psychoactive substances; smoking; tobacco product; cannabis; alcohol; study; prevalence; national area; Switzerland
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Addiction Suisse. (2012). La consommation d'alcool, de tabac et de cannabis des jeunes : données et éclairages. Lausanne: Author.
Abstract: Que sait-on de la consommation de substances psychoactives des jeunes en Suisse? Quels en sont les liens avec la famille, les ami-e-s, l’école? Cette brochure présente une sélection des résultats de l’enquête “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children” (HBSC) réalisée en 2010 auprès des élèves et fournit quelques pistes pour la prévention.
Keywords: monitoring; adolescent; AOD use; psychoactive substances; smoking; tobacco product; cannabis; alcohol; study; prevalence; national area; Switzerland
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Office of National Drug Control Policy. (2011). 2011 national drug control strategy : executive summary (Office of National Drug Control Policy, Ed.). Washington: Executive Office of the President of the United States.
Keywords: prevention; treatment and maintenance; law enforcement; government and politics; AOD public policy strategy; public policy on AOD; public policy on illicit drugs; addiction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; AODR crime; drug dealing; drug trafficking; illegal production of drugs; illicit drug industry; drug market; prevention through education; adolescent; cooperation; United States; international area
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Office of National Drug Control Policy. (2012). The 2012 national drug control srategy : bilding on a record of reform : executive summary (Office of National Drug Control Policy, Ed.). Washington: Executive Office of the President of the United States.
Keywords: prevention; treatment and maintenance; law enforcement; government and politics; AOD public policy strategy; public policy on AOD; public policy on illicit drugs; addiction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; AODR crime; drug dealing; drug trafficking; illegal production of drugs; illicit drug industry; drug market; prevention through education; adolescent; cooperation; United States; international area
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2013). Models for the legal supply of cannabis : recent developments. Lisbon: Author.
Abstract: The international legal framework on drug control is provided by three United Nations Conventions, which instruct countries to limit drug supply and use to medical and scientific purposes. Nevertheless, there continues to be increasing debate over decriminalisation, or even legalisation, of drugs, and of cannabis in particular. Such proposals raise concerns over increases in use and harms and questions about the ways in which the distribution of cannabis for non-medical purposes could be carefully regulated to mitigate these. In the EU, a system of limited distribution has evolved in the Netherlands since the1970s, with further developments in 2012.
Keywords: laws and regulations; public policy on AOD; illicit drug; cannabis; drug decriminalization; drug legalization; harm reduction; AOD sales outlet; AOD supply; international area; Europe; European Union
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