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World Health Organization. (1990). Programme on substance abuse : the content and structure of methadone treatment programmes : a study in six countries (M. Gossop, & M. Grant, Eds.). World Health Organization (WHO).
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; outpatient care
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Estermann, J. (1997). Auswirkungen der Drogenrepression : illegale Drogen: Konsum, Handel, Markt und Prohibition (akzeptierender D. und rationaler D. Institut zur Förderung qualitativer Drogenforschung, Ed.). Studien zur qualitativen Drogenforschung und akzeptierenden Drogenarbeit. Berlin: Verlag für Wissenschaft und Bildung (VWB).
Keywords: law enforcement
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Department of Health of England, Scottish Office Home and Health Department, & Welsh Office. (1991). Drug misuse and dependence : guidelines on clincal management : report of a medical working group. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO).
Keywords: health promotion; recommendations or guidelines; health care professionals; physician; social worker; pharmacist; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; AOD dependent; AOD user; risk assessment; AOD effects and AODR problems; AODR mortality; harm reduction; communicable disease; HIV infection; viral hepatitis; diagnosis; health; mental health; psychological development; hair analysis; urinalysis; hematologic test; treatment and maintenance; drug therapy; intravenous injection; opioids in any form; methadone maintenance; buprenorphine; codeine; naltrexone; clonidine; treatment goals; relapse prevention; international area; United Kingdom; drug substitution therapy
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Federal Office of Public Health. (2002). Migration and Public Health : the Confederation's strategic orientation 2002-2006 : summarised version. Berne: Swiss Federal Offfice of Public Health (FOPH).
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2005). Annual report 2005 : selected issues. Selected issues. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: This Selected issue is not intended to present a systematic and exhaustive review either of all possible definitions of drug-related public nuisance or of all measures, provisions and policies aimed at reducing the problem in the European Union, nor does it aim to reflect precisely the situation regarding public nuisance in each of the countries concerned. Rather, it seeks to contribute to our understanding of the issues and problems related to a new – and somewhat still limited – area for intervention in Member States, candidate countries and Norway. This document aims to present the first EMCDDA qualitative insight into an emerging concern within drug policy debate, at both national and European levels. The alternatives to prison that may be offered to drug-using offenders cover a range of sanctions that may delay, avoid, replace or complement prison sentences for those drug users who have committed an offence normally sanctioned with imprisonment by national law. In this Selected issue, the focus is on those measures that have a drug-related treatment component. It will describe the political and legal background, the application and implementation, including common problems, and the effects of treatment as an alternative to imprisonment. Since the mid-1990s buprenorphine has increasingly become available in Europe as an alternative to methadone for the treatment of opiate dependence. In this Selected issue, the reasons why clinicians are attracted to this drug, as well as the costs and benefits of buprenorphine in comparison with other treatment options, are explored in detail, and, for the first time, the increasing popularity of buprenorphine for the treatment of opiate dependence in many European countries is documented.
Keywords: government and politics; international area; Europe
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2007). Cocaine and crack cocaine : a growing public health issue. Selected issues. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: In a Selected issue on ‘Cocaine and crack cocaine: a growing public health issue’ the EMCDDA shows that, in some European countries, there has been a marked increase in recent years in the use of cocaine, in treatment demands for cocaine problems and in seizures of the drug. The potential for cocaine use to have a major impact on public health is examined and special attention given to the health consequences of cocaine use, which are often not well recognised in existing reporting systems. Also examined are the challenges to providing effective treatment for cocaine and crack cocaine dependence.
Keywords: government and politics; international area; Europe
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Rocky Mountain Center for Health Education and Promotion. (2001). Harm reduction : a review of the literature. Lakewood: Rocky Mountain Center for Health Education and Promotion (RMCHEP).
Keywords: harm reduction; prevention; HIV infection; Aids; target group; history; addiction; United States; literature review
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Hillebrand, J., Olszewski, D., & Sedefov, R. (2008). GHB and its precursor GBL : an emerging trend case study (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Ed.). Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; drug; gamma-butyrolactone; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; Europe; study
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Olszewski, D., Giraudon, I., Hedrich, D., & Montanari, L. (2009). Women's voices : experiences and perceptions of women who face drug-related problems in Europe (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Ed.). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Abstract: Epidemiological studies routinely collect quantitative data on gender differences in drug use (e.g. prevalence, mortality), but far less is published on the qualitative aspects of female drug problems. This review presents quotations gleaned from interviews with women in eight countries. Through these testimonies, the report illustrates how qualitative research can provide glimpses into the experiences and perceptions of women facing drug issues that statistics alone cannot provide.
Keywords: gender; woman; gender differences; AOD use; prevalence; AODR mortality; research; Europe; report
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WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2009). Evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm. Copenhagen: Author.
Abstract: There is a substantial evidence base on the effectiveness of different policies in reducing the harm done by alcohol. Policies that regulate the economic and physical availability of alcohol are effective in reducing alcohol-related harm. Enforced legislative measures to reduce drinking and driving and interventions individually directed to drinkers already at risk are also effective. The evidence shows that information and education programmes do not reduce alcohol-related harm; nevertheless, they have a role in providing information, reframing alcohol-related problems and increasing attention to alcohol on the political and public agendas. In all parts of the European Union, population-based interventions represent a highly cost– effective use of resources to reduce alcohol-related harm. Brief interventions for individual high-risk drinkers are also cost–effective, but are harder to scale up because of their associated training and manpower needs.
Keywords: prevention; alcohol abuse; harm reduction; cost-benefit analysis; public policy on health; health promotion
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