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Global Commission on Drug Policy (ed) |
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The negative impact of the war on drugs on public health : the hidden hepatitis C epidemic : report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy |
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2013 |
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19, annexes |
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report; drug policy; impact of policy or law; law enforcement; legal regulation; war on drugs; international area; drug decriminalization; prevention; harm reduction; HIV infection; hepatitis C |
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Global Commission on Drug Policy (GCDP) |
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Geneva |
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Global Commission on Drug Policy |
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Also available in German: 50-13552; in French: 50-13553 |
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ID @ j.hoppler @ 50-13554 |
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62600 |
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Annan, Kofi; Arbour, Louise; Bém, Pavel; Branson, Richard; Cardoso, Fernando Henrique; Cattaui, Maria; Dreifuss, Ruth; Fuentes, Carlos; Gaviria, César; Jahangir, Asma; Kazatchkine, Michel; Kwasniewski, Aleksander; Lagos, Ricardo; Papandreou, George; Sampaio, Jorge; Shultz, George P.; Solana, Javier; Stoltenberg, Thorvald; Vargas Llosa, Mario; Volcker, Paul; Whitehead, John; Zedillo, Ernesto |
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Title |
The negative impact of the war on drugs on public health : the hidden hepatitis C epidemic |
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Report |
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2013 |
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19 |
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government and politics; laws and regulations; law enforcement; prison; war; public health; communicable disease; hepatitis C; HIV infection; epidemiology; intravenous drug user; AOD consumption; AODR mortality; harm reduction; needle distribution and exchange; prevention; stigma; criminalization; social and economic cost of AOD; political activism; recommendations or guidelines; international area |
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Hepatitis C is a highly prevalent chronic viral infection which poses major public health, economic and social crises, particularly in low and middle income countries. The global hepatitis C epidemic has been described by the World Health Organization as a ‘viral time bomb’, yet continues to receive little attention. Access to preventative services is far too low, while diagnosis and treatment are prohibitively expensive and remain inaccessible for most people in need. Public awareness and political will with regard to hepatitis C are also too low, and national hepatitis surveillance is often non-existent. The hepatitis C virus is highly infectious and is easily transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. It therefore disproportionately impacts upon people who inject drugs: of the 16 million people who inject drugs around the world, an estimated 10 million are living with hepatitis C. In some of the countries with the harshest drug policies, the majority of people who inject drugs are living with hepatitis C – more than 90 percent in places such as Thailand and parts of the Russian Federation. The hepatitis C virus causes debilitating and fatal disease in around a quarter of those who are chronically infected, and is an increasing cause of premature death among people who inject drugs. Globally, most HIV-infected people who inject drugs are also living with a hepatitis C infection. Harm reduction services – such as the provision of sterile needles and syringes and opioid substitution therapy – can effectively prevent hepatitis C transmission among people who inject drugs, provided they are accessible and delivered at the required scale. Instead of investing in effective prevention and treatment programmes to achieve the required coverage, governments continue to waste billions of dollars each year on arresting and punishing drug users – a gross misallocation of limited resources that could be more efficiently used for public health and preventive approaches. At the same time, repressive drug policies have fuelled the stigmatisation, discrimination and mass incarceration of people who use drugs. As a result, there are very few countries that have reported significant declines in new infections of hepatitis C among this population. This failure of governments to prevent and control hepatitis disease has great significance for future costs to health and welfare budgets in many countries. In 2012 the Global Commission on Drug Policy released a report that outlined how the ‘war on drugs’ is driving the HIV epidemic among people who use drugs. The present report focuses on hepatitis C as it represents another massive and deadly epidemic for this population. It provides a brief overview of the hepatitis C virus, before exploring how the ‘war on drugs’ and repressive drug policies are failing to drive transmission down. The silence about the harms of repressive drug policies has been broken – they are ineffective, violate basic human rights, generate violence, and expose individuals and communities to unnecessary risks. Hepatitis C is one of these harms – yet it is both preventable and curable when public health is the focus of the drug response. Now is the time to reform. |
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Global Commission on Drug Policy (GCDP) |
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Rio de Janeiro |
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Executive Summary auch auf Deutsch vorhanden: 50-13076; Synthèse aussi disponible en français: 50-13077 |
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50-13078 |
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56624 |
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The Matrix Center |
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The Matrix model : treatment manual : a therapist manual for the outpatient treatment of alcohol-related problems |
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1991 |
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treatment and maintenance; outpatient care |
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The Matrix Center |
Place of Publication |
Beverly Hills |
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English |
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Recyclingpapier! |
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Call Number |
01.02-084 |
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50052 |
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Bewley-Taylor, Dave; Jelsma, Martin |
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The limits of latitude : the UN drug control conventions |
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2012 |
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24 |
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AOD prevention; illegal drug possession; laws and regulations; harm reduction; heroin; medical use of marijuana |
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· Decriminalization of possession, purchase and cultivation for personal use operates reasonably comfortably inside the confines of the UN drug control conventions · Harm reduction services, including drug consumption rooms, can operate lawfully under the drug control treaty system · There is greater scope to provide health care or social support instead of punishment for people caught up in minor offences related to personal use or socio-economic necessity · All controlled drugs can be used for medical purposes, including heroin prescription and medical marijuana’; what constitutes medical use is left to the discretion of the parties · The INCB often increases tensions around interpretations instead of resolving them, though the Board should be guided ‘by a spirit of co-operation rather than by a narrow view of the letter of the law’ · There are limits of latitude; a legal regulated market for non-medical use of cannabis or any other scheduled drug is not permissible within the treaty framework · Legal tensions exist with other international legal obligations such as those stemming from human rights or indigenous rights · Growing doubts and inherent inconsistencies and ambiguities provide legitimate ground for demanding more space for experimentation with alternative control models than the current systems allows |
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Transnational Institute (TNI), International Drug Policy Consortium (IDPC) |
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Amsterdam; London |
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Call Number |
50-12523 |
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54989 |
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various |
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The lads go mad in Amsterdam : with Peanut Pete |
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1990 |
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16 |
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addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; cannabis |
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Lifeline |
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Manchester |
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12.01.02-013 |
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54735 |
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Silins, Edmund; Bleeker, Anne M.; Copeland, Jan; Dillon, Paul; Devlin, Kristina; van Bakkum, Floor; Noijen, Judith |
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Title |
The importance of peer educator qualities : as perceived by ecstasy users |
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2010 |
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SuchtMagazin |
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36 |
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5; 10/2010 |
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17-20 |
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nightlife; AOD use; psychoactive substances; conference proceedings; journal article |
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This study investigated the importance of peer educator qualities among ecstasy users in Australia (n=661) and the Netherlands (n=265). Experience with illicit drug use, an affinity with the ecstasy-using subculture and age emerged as important peer educator characteristics. In the Netherlands, more importance was placed on the peer educator having used illicit drugs and less importance was placed on age, subculture membership, being «cool» and gender than in Australia. The implications for peer-led ecstasy-related education practices are discussed. |
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1422-2221 |
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Auch auf Deutsch vorhanden |
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60.01-001 |
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60484 |
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Author |
Fromberg, Erik |
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Title |
The ideologies behind harm reduction |
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1995 |
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6th International Conference on the Reduction of Drug Related Harm |
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6 |
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harm reduction; government and politics; public policy on illicit drugs conference; international area |
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The Harm reduction-movement has clearly gathered momentum since the first conference in Liverpool, both on the scientific as at the political level. Since the first conference, where most participants were grass root workers, there is a clear trend in these conferences to address more and more the scientists, at the cost of the former. We have however to remind ourselves that the strength of the movement has been the combination of the scientists and the workers, united as they were by some common ideology. The always stronger scientific basis for “harm reduction”, as aptly demonstrated in the title of the conference book of the 3rd conference in Melbourne “From faith to science”, may however obscure that our actions have roots in ideology. Now that we become an ever more mixed bunch it is necessary to make our ideologies more explicit. This emphasis on ideology is not to belittle the scientific aspects, but to make clear that no value free science exists. Science, history tells us, is one of the most powerful instruments in political conflicts and so we need to be clear about our ideologies. And the more scientific we become the more obscure our ideological motives, the semiconscious roots of our so called scientific data. It is not that I favour any censorship on ideologies within the harm reduction movement, but clearness about them seems necessary for the health of it. We cannot avoid ideology, even when we are scientific. The main ideology, if any, at the first conference seemed that of the legalisers although this was rarely if ever mentioned, let alone that any arguments were produced in favour of it. The other main ideology with regard to the drug issue, the prohibitionist one, was hardly represented, but five years later even convinced prohibitionist organisations as the ICAA start to embrace harm reduction within the framework of prohibitionism. This visible dichotomy however is more on the level of political approaches than of the basic ideologies supporting those two approaches are manifold. These basic ideologies will be described. |
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Erik Fromberg |
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Florence |
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50-e |
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61222 |
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various |
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The HIV/AIDS High Level Meeting |
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2008 |
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2 |
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Aids; HIV infection; epidemiology; AOD use; treatment and maintenance; prevention; social equality; public health; public policy; recommendations or guidelines |
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International Drug Policy Consortium (IDPC) |
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50-05633a |
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54880 |
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Best, D.; Day, E.; McCarthy, T.; Darlington, I.; Pinchbeck, K. |
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Title |
The hierarchy of needs and care planning in addiction services : what Maslow can tell us about addressing competing priorities? |
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2008 |
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Addiction Research and Theory |
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16 |
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4; 08/2008 |
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305-307 |
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health and disease; health care utilization; case management |
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1532-2491 (electronic); 1082-6084 (paper) |
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50-00656 |
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59653 |
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Author |
Voorham, Lotte; van Hasselt, Ninette |
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Title |
The Healthy Nightlife Toolbox HNT |
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2010 |
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SuchtMagazin |
Abbreviated Journal |
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36 |
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5; 10/2010 |
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25-27 |
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nightlife; AOD use; psychoactive substances; conference proceedings; journal article |
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Evidence based working is becoming increasingly important, especially since resources for prevention activities are becoming harder to come by. By using the Healthy Nightlife Toolbox for gaining and sharing insights, we prevent field workers from having to re-invent the wheel and offer a solid knowledge base on how to create safe and healthy nightlife settings. |
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1422-2221 |
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Auch auf Deutsch vorhanden |
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60.01-001 |
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60487 |
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