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Hüsler, G., & Plancherel, B. (2006). A gender specific model of substance use. Addiction Research and Theory, 14(4; 08/2006), 399–412.
Abstract: This research has tested a structural model of risk and protection factors among 1437 at-risk adolescents in Switzerland. The model was used to identify important gender and age differences. Our research shows that interactions between parents, peers, negative mood, and secure self create a range of risk factors for girls and boys, and for younger and older teens. Negative peer group was a greater risk for young girls than for young boys. Negative mood can serve as an early warning sign for boys, as can negative peer group for girls. Mood for boys was marginally associated with a substance-using peer group and with poor relationships in the family. This suggests that for boys the focus of prevention should be on family relationships and for girls on peer relationships. For older girls, secure self was the greatest protector against substance-using peers, whereas for younger boys and girls, parents continued to offer some protection. The focus on development of secure self in older girls holds promise for secondary prevention.
Keywords: AOD use; adolescent; risk factors; protective factors; family; peer; emotional and psychiatric depression; gender differences; study; statistical data; research; secondary prevention; Switzerland
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Hüsler, G., Blakeney, R., & Werlen, E. (2005). Adolescent risk: the co-occurrence of illness, suicidality, and substance use. Journal of youth and adolescence, 34(6; 12/2005), 547–557.
Abstract: Illness is rarely considered a “risk factor” in adolescence. This study tests illness, suicidality and substance use as outcome measures in a path analysis of 1028 Swiss adolescents in secondary prevention programs. The model showed that negative mood (depression and anxiety) predicted two paths. One path led from negative mood to suicidality and from there to substance use. The other path led directly from negative mood to illness. Traditional protective factors (good relationships, secure identity) protected against the negative mood-suicide-substance path, but not against the negative mood-illness path.
Keywords: AOD use; adolescent; risk factors; protective factors; emotional and psychiatric depression; suicidal behavior; study; statistical data; research; secondary prevention; Switzerland
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Hüsler, G., Werlen, E., & Rehm, J. (2005). The Action Plan : a new instrument to collect data on interventions in secondary prevention in adolescents. Substance use and misuse, 40(6), 761–777.
Abstract: It is difficult to draw causal conclusions about the effectiveness of secondary prevention programs for adolescents at risk, when the programs use a variety of different interventions. The Action Plan is an instrument that is designed to make collection of such data possible. This allows calculating different kinds of intervention patterns for each participant and program, which, in combination with outcome measures, gives an estimate of successful vs. less successful interventions. The study compared intervention patterns from 12 different sites in a national intervention program in Switzerland. The program, called supra-f (www.supra-f.ch), started in 1999 and will end in 2005. Results are presented from the ongoing study with approximately 600 adolescents. We calculated effect sizes (ES) to compare interventions with outcome measures. Effect sizes (ES) are presented on well being, coping, self-esteem, delinquency, and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis) in relation to intervention packages, risk groups (low, moderate, high), and age (two groups: 11-15 and 16-20 years of age) using data collected from 1999-2002.
Keywords: AOD use; adolescent; risk; Supra-f; community involvement; secondary prevention; prevention research; program evaluation; study; statistical data; Switzerland
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Haden, M. (2004). La régulation de drogues illégales: une exploration d'instruments de santé publique. International journal of drug policy, 15(4; 09/2004), 225–230.
Abstract: Ce commentaire explore le concept de la régulation du marché pour les drogues actuellement illégales. Il énumère en détail une série d’instruments de santé publique qui pourraient être utilisés pour un accès à ces substances sous un régime de régulation et de contrôle. La distinction entre instruments de contrôle administratif et de contrôle social est discutée. L’auteur conclut qu’un marché régulé des drogues fondé exclusivement sur des principes moraux et de santé publique constitue une approche rationnelle des préoccupations majeures de notre société eue égard aux drogues illégales.
Keywords: drug market; illicit drug; legal regulation; drug legalization; drug decriminalization; public health; AOD public policy strategy; policy recommendations
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Aschwanden, R. (2010). Drogenlegalisierung : am Anfang der Debatte. Surprise : Strassenmagazin, (232; 27.08.2010), 10–12.
Abstract: Die Schweizer Drogenpolitik gerät wieder in Bewegung. Nach einigen Jahren der relativen Ruhe fordert nun eine Expertenkommission des Bundes die Entkriminalisierung von Besitz und Konsum. Die Diskussion unter Fachleuten, Politikern und Betroffenen ist eröffnet.
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; government and politics; legislative process; drug decriminalization; drug legalization; harm reduction; contact center; injection room; prevention; research chemical; designer drug; public health; Switzerland; Basel-City
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Delacrausaz, P. (2004). Jeu pathologique : le rôle du médecin de premier recours. Revue médicale de la Suisse romande : organe officiel de la Société médicale de la Suisse romande, 124, 161–162.
Abstract: La pratique des jeux de hasard et d’argent dans nos sociétés se développe de manière importante depuis quelques années. Un excès de cette pratique chez un individu peut représenter une pathologie aujourd’hui reconnue comme partie intégrante de la nosographie psychiatrique: le jeu pathologique, de plus en plus souvent considéré comme une dépendance sans substance. Au confins des problèmes de société et de médecine, le jeu pathologique se développe dans notre pays, à la faveur notamment de la récente libéralisation des maisons de jeux à mises illimitées. Dans cet article sont discutés les apports possibles des médecins de premiers recours, ainsi que la nécessité d’une prise de conscience des besoins de prévention primaire face à ce problème de santé publique.
Keywords: pathological gambling; epidemiology; prevention; treatment and patient care; Switzerland
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Vogt, I. (2009). Lebenslagen und Gesundheit älterer Drogenabhängiger : Ein Literaturbericht = Life situations and health of older drug addicts : a literature report. Suchttherapie : Prävention, Behandlung, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen, 10(1; 02/2009), 17–24.
Keywords: AOD dependence; chemical addiction; old age; elderly; drug dependent; risk; health; communicable disease; HIV infection; AODR disorder; woman; treatment and maintenance; drug substitution therapy; literature review; Germany
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Gahr, M., Freudenmann, R. W., Hiemke, C., Gunst, I. M., Connemann, B. J., & Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C. (2012). Desomophine goes “Crocodile”. Journal of addictive diseases, 31(4; 10/2012), 407–412.
Abstract: A systematic review was conducted to identify the available data for the term Krokodil, which is a jargon expression for an allegedly new drug. Krokodil seems to be a mixture of several substances and was first used in Russia in 2003, with a tremendous increase in the number of addicted individuals since then. The psychoactive core agent of Krokodil is desomorphine, an opioid-analogon that can be manufactured by boiling tablets containing codeine and other ingredients. The procedure results in a suspension that is used intravenously and regularly causes complications such as abscess, thrombophlebitis, and gangrene.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; addiction; chemical addiction; opioids in any form; designer drug; research chemical; codeine; morphine; epidemiology; AODR mortality; AOD effects and AODR problems; AOD induced risk; AODR disability; international area; Russia; Germany
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Laging, M. (2012). Zielgruppe Familie : eine Herausforderung für die Suchtprävention. ProJugend : Fachzeitschrift der Aktion Jugendschutz, Landesarbeitsstelle Bayern e.V., (2), 4–10b.
Abstract: Problematischer Konsum von Alkohol, Nikotin oder anderen Substanzen kann auf bestimmte Risikofaktoren in der Herkunftsfamilie zurückgeführt werden. Schutzfaktoren, wie zum Beispiel ein fürsorgliches und wachsames Erziehungsverhalten, sind als Gegenkräfte wirksam. Familienorientierte Suchtprävention arbeitet mit diesen Erkenntnissen und bietet gefährdeten Familien Raum und Hilfestellung, um sich damit auseinander zu setzen. Diese Arbeit mit gefährdeten Familien ist ein Balanceakt. Denn einige der Risikofaktoren, die suchtbegünstigend wirken, hindern zugleich daran, diese Form von Hilfe in Anspruch zu nehmen. Der Beitrag referiert diese Erkenntnisse anhand von Ergebnissen aus der neueren Präventionsforschung.
Keywords: addiction; prevention; family; risk factors; family risk and protective factors; family support; prevention directed at groups; research; journal article
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Kammerl, R. (2012). Exzessive Mediennutzung : Erziehungsproblem und/oder Suchtgefahr? ProJugend : Fachzeitschrift der Aktion Jugendschutz, Landesarbeitsstelle Bayern e.V., (3; 09/2012), 4–8.
Keywords: addiction; nonchemical addiction; addictive behavior; internet; television; adolescent; prevalence; risk factors; prevention directed at groups
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