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Gianoulakis, C., Béliveau, D., Angeloglannl, P., Meaney, H., Thavundayll, J., Tawar, V., et al. (1989). Differantial pituitary beta-endorphin and adrenal cortisol response to ethanol in individuals with high and low risk for future developement of alcoholism. Life Sciences, 45, 1097–1109.
Abstract: The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the activity of the adrenal gland and the pituitary beta-endorphin system in individuals from families with a 3 generation history of alcoholism, High Risk group, or from families without history of alcoholism, Low Risk group. All subjects had a medical examination, a drinking behavior personal interview and the Michigan alcoholism Screening Test. Individuals with medical problems or excessive drinking were not included in the study. On the day of testing, a blood sample was taken at 9:00 a.m., then the subject drank a placebo drInk or an ethanol solution (0.5 g ethanol/kg B.Wt.). Additional blood samples were taken at 15, 45 and 120 minutes post-drink. Results indicated that individuals of the High Risk group had lower basal levels of beta-endorphin like immunoreactivity (beta-EPLlR) than individuals of the Low Risk group. The dose of 0.5 g ethanol/kg B.Wt. induced an increase in the plasma content of beta-EPLIR of the High Risk group, but not of the Low Risk group. In the Low Risk group ethanol did not induce an increase above the 9:00 a.m. levels, however, it attenuated the beta-endorphin decrease overtime, observed following the placebo drink. Analysis of beta-endorphin-like peptides in the plasma of the High Risk group, with Sephadex G-75 chromatography indicated that the major component of the plasma beta-EPLIR was beta-lipotropin. Plasma cortisol levels, following ethanol intake presented a small increase in the High Risk group but not in the Low Risk group. Both groups presented similar blood alcohol levels. The basal levels of immunoreactive cortisol and beta-endorphin in the plasma of individuals who were alcoholics, but had been abstinent for at least six months prior to testing were similar to the levels of the High Risk group. Thus there are differences both in the basel levels and In the response of the cortisol and the pituitary beta-endorphin system to an acute ethanol challenge between the two groups.
Keywords: Aod; AOD use; AOD consumption; AOD associated consequences; AOD effects and AODR problems; AOD effects and consequences; AOD use initiation; AOD use pattern; alcohol; statistical data; study
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Naysmith, P. (1989). Laing on ecstasy. International journal of drug policy, 1(3), 14–15.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; ecstasy
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Friedman, S. R., Sterk, C., Sufian, M., & Des Jarlais, D. C. (1989). Will bleach decontaminate needles during cocaine binges in shooting galleries? JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 262(11; 15.09.1989), 1467.
Keywords: letter to the editor
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Kühn, R., & Birett, K. (1989). Natriumhypochlorit Lösung. In Merkblätter Gefährliche Arbeitsstoffe. Hamburg: Ecomed-Storck.
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various. (1989). The Drug Policy Letter : new ways of thinking about drugs : November / December 1989 (Vol. 1). Washington: The Drug Policy Foundation.
Keywords: government and politics; international area
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various. (1989). Menschenkenntnis : psychologische Zeitschrift für Ehe-, Erziehungs-, Berufs- und andere Lebensfragen 8/89 : aus dem Inhalt : im Vorfeld von Drogenmissbrauch : Auszüge aus Lebensläufen ehemals Drogenabhängiger (Vol. 3). Zürich: Verein zur Förderung der Psychologischen Menschenkenntnis.
Keywords: addiction; addictive behavior
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Negrete, J. C. (1989). Menschenkenntnis : psychologische Zeitschrift für Ehe-, Erziehungs-, Berufs- und andere Lebensfragen 6/89 : was ist mit der Cannabis-Debatte geschehen? Ein Diskussionsbeitrag zum Cannabisproblem (Vol. 3). Zürich: Verein zur Förderung der Psychologischen Menschenkenntnis.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; cannabis
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various. (1989). Menschenkenntnis : psychologische Zeitschrift für Ehe-, Erziehungs-, Berufs- und andere Lebensfragen 7/89 : psychologische und soziale Faktoren im Vorfeld von Drogenkonsum (Vol. 3). Zürich: Verein zur Förderung der Psychologischen Menschenkenntnis.
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Schmid, A. (1989, 23.09.1989). Langenthals Fixer sollen “sauber” spritzen können (“Hot Shot”). Berner Zeitung, 21.
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Beushausen, G. (1989, 07.11.1989). Bürger rissen Spritzenautomaten aus der Wand. Frankfurter Rundschau, 1.
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