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Author |
McCarthy, Michael |
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Title |
LA law and clean needles |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
1994 |
Publication |
The Lancet |
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Volume |
344 |
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8925; 17.09.1994 |
Pages |
810 |
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Keywords |
harm reduction |
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Reports that Los Angeles, California Mayor Richard J. Riordan has declared a local state of emergency to the spread of AIDS and HIV infection. State crackdown on the distribution of clean needles to drug users; Riordan’s support for responsible needle-exchange programs. |
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0140-6736 |
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50-03139 |
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59808 |
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Author |
Ross, Michael W.; Wodak, Alex; Stowe, Aaron; Gold, Julian |
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Title |
Explanations for sharing injection equipment in injecting drug users and barriers to safer drug use |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Addiction |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
89 |
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473-479 |
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Keywords |
harm reduction |
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We examined the explanations given by a sample of 1245 injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia for accepting used injection equipment. Factor analysis of these reasons revealed three dimensions of sharing: not caring when withdrawing or intoxicated, unavailability of equipment, and not seeing it as high risk or ease of injecting. The most common reasons given were difficulty in obtaining sterile equipment (73% of cases), the dangers not seeming so important when in withdrawal (40%) and sharing being something done with friends or lovers (31%). Most common reasons for not sharing were related to health issues (91% citing AIDS and 67% hepatitis). These data suggest that interventions target provision of sterile equipment, and education which highlights risk situations such as intoxication and withdrawal. |
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50-02983 |
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59786 |
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Author |
Crisp, Beth R.; Barber, James G.; Ross, Michael W.; Wodak, Alex; Gold, Julian; Miller, M. E. |
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Title |
Predictors of unsafe injecting drug use |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Drug and alcohol review |
Abbreviated Journal |
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13 |
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13-19 |
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Keywords |
intravenous drug user; risk factors; needle sharing; risk-taking behavior; Australia; Sydney; study |
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This paper reports on the incidence of unsafe injecting and the factors which influence this practice in a sample of 1245 Sydney injecting drug users (IDUs). Using a needle and syringe after someone else at some time in the last six months was reported in 41.6% of the sample. Taking into account those who claimed always to clean used needles with virucidal methods, 32.9% had placed themselves at risk of HIV infection from shared needles in the six months prior to interview. Seven factors were predictive of unsafe behaviour. These were (a) the amount spent per week on drugs, (b) the number of times a single needle was used prior to disposal, (c) having shared with a person who is now HIV infected, (d) having a regular sexual partner, (e) the proportion of times high, stoned or drunk when injecting, (f) being part of a group that injects together and (g) having been in prison. |
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50-02980 |
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59784 |
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Author |
Booth, Robert E. |
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Title |
Predictors of Unsafe Needle Practices : Injection Drug Users in Denver |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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7 |
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Pages |
504-508 |
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Keywords |
harm reduction |
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To identify factors associated with unsafe needle hygiene, we studied 378 injection drug users (IDUs) in Denver, Colorado. The sample was drawn from neighborhoods with large concentrations of injectors and crack smokers. Respondents were questioned about their needle hygiene practices during the 30-day period prior to the interview. Unsafe needle hygiene, defined as injecting with previously used, nondisinfected needles, was reported by more than a third of those interviewed. Unsafe needle practices were associated with a number of factors, including heroin injection, perceived chance of getting AIDS, and lack of exposure to AIDS interventions in the community. The high percentage reporting unsafe needle practices within a 30-day interval points to the grave risk AIDS continues to pose for drug users. We conclude that the apparent success of exposure to AIDS intervention efforts in changing needle practices shows promise for prevention programs targeting drug injectors. |
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50-02978 |
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59782 |
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Author |
Titus, Stephen; Marmor, Michael; Des Jarlais, Don C.; Kim, Mimi; Wolfe, Hannah; Beatrice, Sara |
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Title |
Bleach use and HIV seroconversion among New York City injection drug users |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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7 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
700-704 |
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harm reduction |
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Call Number |
50-02972 |
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59780 |
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Title |
Knowledge and Practices Among Injecting-Drug Users of Bleach Use for Equipment Disinfection : New York City, 1993 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |
Abbreviated Journal |
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43 |
Issue |
24; 24.06.1994 |
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439, 445-446 |
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harm reduction |
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50-02963 |
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59776 |
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Author |
Coppola, R. C.; Manconi, P. E.; Piro, R.; Di Martino, M. L.; Masia, G. |
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Title |
HCV, HIV, HBV and HDV infections in intravenous drug addicts |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
European Journal of Epidemiology |
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10 |
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279-283 |
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health promotion; HIV infection; Aids |
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Hepatitis viruses and the acquired immunodeficiency viruses often infect intravenous drug addicts (IVDAs). Our study includes 255 IVDAs (26 females and 229 males, aged 20–35 years) from Cagliari. Of 255 subjects examined, 207 (81.1%) were positive for anti-HCV and 84 (32.9%) for anti-HIV. Nineteen (7.4%) subjects were HBsAg carriers, and 12 of these (63%) had an HDV super-infection. Markers of previous HBV infections were tested in 223 cases and 137 (61.4%) were found positive; of these 14 (10.2%) also had HDV infection. Of the 223 drug addicts examined for all infection markers, 18 (8%) were negative to all markers, 46 (20.6%) were positive to only one, 89(39.9%) were positive to two, 64 (28.7%) to three and 6 (2.6%) were positive to all. Subjects with a single infection were significantly fewer than those with multiple infections. The correlations studied among the various markers did not point out any statistically significant associations. Even so, a previous HBV infection was more common while active HBV/HDV infections were less common among subjects with anti-HCV; HDV infection was more common among HIV-positive subjects. In HBsAg carriers neither HBV-DNA nor HCV-RNA was detected; HCV-RNA was found more frequently in anti-HIV positive subjects than in subjects with the anti-HCV isolate. |
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0393-2990 |
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Call Number |
50-02826 |
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59755 |
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Author |
Wettach, Ralph H.U.; Dobler-Mikola, Anja |
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Title |
Zur Bedeutung der lebensgeschichtlichen Ressourcen für den Rehabilitationserfolg von Drogenabhängigen nach einem stationären Therapieaufenthalt |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Suchtprobleme & Sozialarbeit : Fachblatt des Schweizerischen Verbandes von Fachleuten für Alkoholgefährdeten- und Suchtkrankenhilfe (VSFA) |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1994 |
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4 |
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148-157 |
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treatment and maintenance; inpatient care; treatment outcome; Switzerland |
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German |
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1420-3065 |
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50-00529 |
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59644 |
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Toumbourou, John; Hamilton, Margaret |
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Title |
Researching self help drug treatment : collaboration and conflict in the age of harm reduction |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Addiction |
Abbreviated Journal |
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89 |
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151-156 |
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AOD use, abuse, and dependence; drug; drug consumption; treatment and maintenance; self-help group; harm reduction; Australia |
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While there is evidence supporting the effectiveness of drug treatment in self help groups there are many points of divergence between the philosophies traditionally espoused by these groups and those advocated within hann reduction policies. In this paper we examine some of the differences between self help and hann reduction approaches. We argue that (in common with other treatment modalities) self help groups have altered and developed in response to changing community expectations and that this process should be expected to continue. We report on our ongoing exploration of research partnerships with self help group members focusing particularly upon research conducted in collaboration with self help groups in Victoria. We argue that research partnerships have advantages for both parties. These partnerships have the potential to better inform researchers of developments in the self help community (including the practices of active drug users). Research partnerships also encourage better understanding among self help group members of some of the potential problems that, as research has indicated, may be associated with certain self help group practices. We advocate such understanding as a potentially effective means of encouraging the appropriate development and refinement of self help group practices in line with harm reduction principals . |
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50-00497 |
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59641 |
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Author |
Rehm, Jürgen; Béroud, Gérald; Müller, Richard |
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Title |
Folienrauchen in der Schweiz : Ergebnisse einer Expertenbefragung |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Sozial- und Präventivmedizin |
Abbreviated Journal |
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39 |
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370-371 |
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aod; AOD consumption; AOD use; aod abuse; drug consumption; heroin; opioids in any form; statistical data; Switzerland; study |
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Folienrauchen (Chasing the dragon, smäckle, Foliensuuge) bezeichnet die Inhalation von Heroin. Dazu wird das Heroin auf einer Alufolie durch Zusatz von Alkalien in die freie Base umgewandelt und dann durch Erhitzen mit einem Feuerzeug flüssig gemacht. Der dabei aufsteigende Dampf wird mit einem Röhrchen inhaliert. Um Heroin verflüssigen zu können, müssen also Natriumbikarbonat oder andere alkalische Stoffe beigefügt werden, was entweder durch den Folienraucher selber geschieht oder bereits durch den Verkäufer. |
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50-00418 |
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59638 |
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