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Thomas, Kevin V.; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Castiglioni, Sara; Covaci, Adrian; Emke, Erik; Grabic, Roman; Félix Hernández, Félix; Karolak, Sara; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Lindberg, Richard H.; Lopez de Alda, Miren; Meierjohann, Axel; Ort, Christoph; Pico, Yolanda; Quintana, José B.; Reid, Malcolm; Rieckermann, Jörg; Terzic, Senka; van Nuijs, Alexander L.N.; de Voogt, Pim |
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Title |
Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Science of the Total Environment |
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432 |
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432-439 |
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AOD use; illicit drug; ecstasy; MDMA; cocaine; cannabis; amphetamines; research; study; water pollution; international differences; international area; statistical data; Europe; journal article |
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Abstract |
The analysis of sewage for urinary biomarkers of illicit drugs is a promising and complementary approach for estimating the use of these substances in the general population. For the first time, this approach was simultaneously applied in 19 European cities, making it possible to directly compare illicit drug loads in Europe over a 1-week period. An inter-laboratory comparison study was performed to evaluate the analytical performance of the participating laboratories. Raw 24-hour composite sewage samples were collected from 19 European cities during a single week in March 2011 and analyzed for the urinary biomarkers of cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, methamphetamine and cannabis using in-house optimized and validated analytical methods. The load of each substance used in each city was back-calculated from the measured concentrations. The data show distinct temporal and spatial patterns in drug use across Europe. Cocaine use was higher in Western and Central Europe and lower in Northern and Eastern Europe. The extrapolated total daily use of cocaine in Europe during the study period was equivalent to 356 kg/day. High per capita ecstasy loads were observed in Dutch cities, as well as in Antwerp and London. In general, cocaine and ecstasy loads were significantly elevated during the weekend compared to weekdays. Per-capita loads of methamphetamine were highest in Helsinki and Turku, Oslo and Budweis, while the per capita loads of cannabis were similar throughout Europe. This study shows that a standardized analysis for illicit drug urinary biomarkers in sewage can be applied to estimate and compare the use of these substances at local and international scales. This approach has the potential to deliver important information on drug markets (supply indicator). |
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Call Number |
50-12720 |
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59990 |
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Author |
Vernick, Jon S.; Burris, Scott; Strathdee, Steffanie A. |
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Title |
Public opinion about syringe exchange programmes in the USA: an analysis of national surveys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
International journal of drug policy |
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14 |
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431-435 |
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harm reduction |
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0955-3959 (Print); 1873-4758 (Electronic) |
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Call Number |
50-03150 |
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59813 |
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Author |
Rihs-Middel, Margret; Hämmig, Robert; Jacobshagen, Nina |
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Title |
Heroin-assisted treatment : work in progress |
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2005 |
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430 |
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treatment and maintenance; outpatient care |
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H. Huber |
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Berne |
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Swiss Federal Office of Public Health |
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01.02-063 |
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49278 |
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Sattar, Syed A.; Springthorpe, V. Susan |
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Title |
Survival and disinfectants inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus : a critical review |
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1991 |
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Reviews of infectious diseases : medical microbiology, clinical immunology, epidemiology |
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13 |
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430-437 |
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harm reduction |
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50-02629 |
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59720 |
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Author |
Heudtlass, Jan-Hendrik; Stöver, Heino |
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Title |
Risiko mindern beim Drogengebrauch : Gesundheitsförderung, Verbrauchertips, Beratungswissen, Praxishilfen |
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2000 |
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429 |
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harm reduction |
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Fachhochschulverlag |
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Frankfurt am Main |
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various |
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German |
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02.00-013 |
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55056 |
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |
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Title |
2004 world drug report : volume 2 : statistics |
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Report |
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2004 |
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427 |
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government and politics; international area |
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Research and Analysis Section |
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Vienna |
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13.02-047 |
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50437 |
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Author |
Rihs-Middel, Margret; Lotti, Heidi |
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Title |
Suchtforschung des BAG : 1993-1996 : Grundlagen, Ursachen und Behandlung = Recherches de l'OFSP en matière de dépendances :1993-1996 : bases, causes et traitement |
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1997 |
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427 |
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research |
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Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG), Facheinheit Sucht und Aids, Sektion Grundlagen und Forschung; Office fédéral de la santé publique (OFSP), Division Dépendances et sida, Section Conceptions et recherche |
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Bern; Berne |
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various |
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German; French |
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Zweisprachige Publikation Deutsch-Französisch; Publication bilingue allemand-français |
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18-010 |
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55089 |
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Author |
Corcos, Maurice; Flament, Martine; Jeammet, Philippe |
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Title |
Les conduites de dépendance : dimensions psychopathologiques communes |
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Book Whole |
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2003 |
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xv, 424 |
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addiction; addictive behavior; chemical addiction; nonchemical addiction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; eating disorder; prevention; treatment and maintenance; risk factors; suicidal behavior; epidemiology; comorbidity; Europe; study |
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Cet ouvrage constitue la première publication exhaustive des résultats d’une étude du Réseau dépendance conduite, de 1994 à 2000, sous l’égide de l’Inserm et de la Fondation de France et coordonnée par le Pr. Philippe Jeammet. Il s’agit d’une étude multicentrique touchant 13 centres, 600 patients et 600 témoins. L’objectif était de rechercher les dimensions psychopathologiques communes aux conduites de dépendance, quel que puisse être l’objet ou le comportement d’addiction (anorexie mentale, boulimie, alcoolisme et toxicomanie). Ces facteurs psychopathologiques ont été appréhendés à deux niveaux différents et complémentaires : la personnalité dans son ensemble, en d’autres termes existe-t-il des dimensions communes sous-jacentes aux conduites addictives, et la place occupée par la conduite de dépendance dans l’équilibre et le fonctionnement psychique du sujet. |
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Masson |
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Paris |
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various |
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French |
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Call Number |
12.03-008 |
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55071 |
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Author |
Hagan, Holly; Des Jarlais, Don C. |
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Title |
HIV and HCV infection among injecting drug users |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine |
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67 |
Issue |
5+6; 10/2000 |
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423-428 |
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Keywords |
intravenous injection; AOD abuse; HIV infection; hepatitis C virus; epidemiology |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the two blood-borne pathogens most commonly transmitted among injection drug users via multi-person use of syringes and other injection equipment. However, important differences exist in the epidemiology of HIV and HCV within different populations of intravenous drug users. METHOD: A literature review was carried out to summarize publications describing the epidemiology and natural history of HIV and HCV in injection drug users. RESULTS: Among injection drug users worldwide, HIV prevalence varies from <5% to >80%, with annual HIV incidence between <1% and 50%. More consistency is shown in HCV prevalence (50–90%) and incidence (10–30% per year). Host, environmental and viral factors that favor rapid spread of HCV among IDUs suggest that HCV infection in a population of injection drug users may become endemic over a relatively short period of time. Lower transmission efficiency for HIV also indicates that its spread among injection drug users may be somewhat slower. CONCLUSIONS: Successful efforts to prevent transmission of blood-borne viruses among IDUs typically result in risk reduction; however, no intervention has resulted in elimination of risk behavior. To reduce HIV transmission, risk reduction may be sufficient, whereas control of HCV may necessitate the use of injection practices that guarantee elimination of exposure to equipment contaminated with even small amounts of blood. |
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50-aa |
Serial |
59504 |
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Author |
Dietrich, Nicolas |
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Title |
Thérapies résidentielles des dépendances en Suisse : quel ancrage juridique d'un “client-treatment matching instrument”? |
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2004 |
Publication |
Droit, déontologie et soin |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
4; 12/2004 |
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422-448 |
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Keywords |
patient assessment |
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French |
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1629-6583 |
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Achtung: PDF nicht völlig identisch mit Dokument |
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Call Number |
08-004 |
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59475 |
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