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Wodak, A., & Crofts, N. (1996). Once more unto the breach: controlling hepatitis C in injecting drug users. Addiction, 91(2), 181–184.
Keywords: health promotion
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Rhodes, T., Hunter, G. M., Stimson, G. V., Donoghoe, M. C., Noble, A., Parry, J., et al. (1996). Prevalence of markers for hepatitis B virus and HIV-1 among drug injectors in London : injecting careers, positivity and risk behaviour. Addiction, 91(10), 1457–1467.
Abstract: Concerns about the risks of HIV infection among drug injectors have eclipsed concerns about the prevalence and transmission of hepatitis, and in particular hepatitis B virus infection. Findings are reported from surveys undertaken with two separate community-recruited samples of drug injectors in London collected in 1992 (n = 505) and in 1993 (n = 507). Anonymized confirmed testing of saliva snows 51.5% of drug injectors in 1992 and 47.9% in 1993 to be antibody positive to the core antigen of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBc). Approximately half of the drug injectors confirmed as anti-HBc positive were unaware that they had been infected with hepatitis, Anti-HIV-1 prevalence was considerably lower at 7.0% in 1992 and 6.9% in 1993. Multivariate analyses showed anti-HBc positivity to be most likely among older injectors with longer injecting careers who had a history of having shared used needles and syringes. HIV-1 positivity was also associated with a history of having shared injecting equipment as well as with recent sharing (i.e. in the last 6 months). Unlike anti-HBc positivity, there were no associations between HIV-1 positivity and age or length of injecting career. Younger injectors with shorter injecting careers were more likely to report recent sharing of used injecting equipment than older injectors with longer injecting careers. We note the potential for continued transmission of HBV and HIV-1, particularly among younger injectors. We recommend an integrated strategy to maximize the health of drug injectors, of which HIV and HBV prevention is a part. There is a need to widen the availability of HBV vaccinations for HBV negative drug injectors and their sexual partners and for clear guidelines to drug injectors about the relative efficacy of bleach to disinfect injecting equipment of HBV and HIV.
Keywords: health promotion
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Pittman, D. J. (1995). Harm reduction, not alcohol consumption reduction. Addiction, 90(11; 11/1995), 1550–1551.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; alcohol; harm reduction; harm reduction policy; letter to the editor
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Darke, S. (1994). Benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users: problems and implications (Editorial). Addiction, 89, 379–382.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; benzodiazepines
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Huber, C. (1993). Gesetzesauslegung am Beispiel des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes. Schweizerische Juristen-Zeitung : SJZ = Revue suisse de jurisprudence : RSJ, 89(10), 169–179.
Keywords: law; jurisdiction; other drug laws; Switzerland
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Ross, M. W., Wodak, A., Stowe, A., & Gold, J. (1994). Explanations for sharing injection equipment in injecting drug users and barriers to safer drug use. Addiction, 89, 473–479.
Abstract: We examined the explanations given by a sample of 1245 injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia for accepting used injection equipment. Factor analysis of these reasons revealed three dimensions of sharing: not caring when withdrawing or intoxicated, unavailability of equipment, and not seeing it as high risk or ease of injecting. The most common reasons given were difficulty in obtaining sterile equipment (73% of cases), the dangers not seeming so important when in withdrawal (40%) and sharing being something done with friends or lovers (31%). Most common reasons for not sharing were related to health issues (91% citing AIDS and 67% hepatitis). These data suggest that interventions target provision of sterile equipment, and education which highlights risk situations such as intoxication and withdrawal.
Keywords: harm reduction
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Toumbourou, J., & Hamilton, M. (1994). Researching self help drug treatment : collaboration and conflict in the age of harm reduction. Addiction, 89, 151–156.
Abstract: While there is evidence supporting the effectiveness of drug treatment in self help groups there are many points of divergence between the philosophies traditionally espoused by these groups and those advocated within hann reduction policies. In this paper we examine some of the differences between self help and hann reduction approaches. We argue that (in common with other treatment modalities) self help groups have altered and developed in response to changing community expectations and that this process should be expected to continue. We report on our ongoing exploration of research partnerships with self help group members focusing particularly upon research conducted in collaboration with self help groups in Victoria. We argue that research partnerships have advantages for both parties. These partnerships have the potential to better inform researchers of developments in the self help community (including the practices of active drug users). Research partnerships also encourage better understanding among self help group members of some of the potential problems that, as research has indicated, may be associated with certain self help group practices. We advocate such understanding as a potentially effective means of encouraging the appropriate development and refinement of self help group practices in line with harm reduction principals .
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; drug; drug consumption; treatment and maintenance; self-help group; harm reduction; Australia
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Lader, M., & Russell, J. (1993). Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of benzodiazepine dependence: summary of a report from the Mental Health Foundation. Addiction, 88(12), 1707–1708.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; drug
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Steffen, T., & Gutzwiller, F. (1999). Hepatitis B und C bei intravenös Drogenkonsumierenden in der Schweiz. Praxis : schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin, 88, 1937–1944.
Abstract: Seit den 80er Jahren konnten sich Hepatitis B und C unter intravenös Drogenkonsumierenden stark ausbreiten. Dies zeigt sich heute in hohen Prävalenzzahlen für beide Erreger. Auffallend ist, dass sich auch schon viele Patienten, die erst wenige Jahre intravenös Drogen konsumieren, mit Hepatitis B und C infiziert haben. Die durch gezielte Massnahmen in den letzten Jahren erreichte deutliche Verminderung der HI-Virusausbreitung im Drogenbereich kann für Hepatitis B und C nicht nachgewiesen werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund kommt der Optimierung der Präventionsanstrengungen bei intravenös Drogenkon sumierenden grosse Bedeutung zu. Es gilt die strukturellen Massnahmen im Bereich Therapie und Schadensverminderung weiter zu optimieren. Daneben sollte das individuelle Schutzverhalten des einzelnen Patienten verbessert werden. Hier kommt der ärztlichen Beratung und Betreuung grosse Bedeutung zu. Neue Studien zeigen, dass viele intravenös Drogenkonsumierenden nur ungenügend über die Infektionsgefahren bei gemeinsam benützten Spritzenutensilien (Löffel, Filter usw.) oder das Risiko bei der Drogenaufteilung über fremde Spritzen informiert sind. Auch sind immer noch viele Drogenkonsumierende nicht gegen Hepatitis B geimpft. Die ärztliche Beratung zum Schutzverhalten sollte diese Probleme vermehrt gezielt ansprechen. Zukünftig müssen darauf aufbauend weitere, nachhaltige Interventionsprogramme entwickelt werden.
Keywords: health promotion
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Bischoff, A., & Grossmann, F. (2007). Telefondolmetschen – eine Chance zur Überwindung von Sprachbarrieren? Schweizerische Ärztezeitung, 88(3; 01/2007), 102–105.
Abstract: Fremdsprachige Patientinnen und Patienten sehen sich mit Sprachbarrieren konfrontiert. Zu deren Überwindung werden verschiedene Strategien diskutiert. Eine bis heute wenig beachtete ist diejenige des Dolmetschens via Telefon. Wäre dies auch für die Schweiz ein sinnvolles Angebot?
Keywords: migration; patient; language; Switzerland
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