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Observatoire européen des drogues et des toxicomanies. (2011). Rapport annuel 2011 : état du phénomène de la drogue en Europe. Rapport annuel. Luxembourg: Office des publications de l'Union européenne.
Abstract: The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures.
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; public policy on illicit drugs; other drug laws; cannabis; MDMA; ecstasy; LSD; cocaine; crack cocaine; intravenous injection; opioids in any form; piperazine; ketamine; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; communicable disease; AODR mortality; mephedrone; Europe; annual report
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Osservatorio europeo delle droghe e delle tossicodipendenze. (2011). Relazione annuale 2011 : evoluzione del fenomeno della droga in Europa. Relazione annuale. Lussemburgo: Ufficio delle pubblicazioni dellUnione europea.
Abstract: The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures.
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; public policy on illicit drugs; other drug laws; cannabis; MDMA; ecstasy; LSD; cocaine; crack cocaine; intravenous injection; opioids in any form; communicable disease; AODR mortality; prevalence; Europe; annual report
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2011). Annual report 2011 : the state of the drugs problem in Europe. Annual report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures.
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; public policy on illicit drugs; other drug laws; cannabis; MDMA; ecstasy; LSD; cocaine; crack cocaine; intravenous injection; opioids in any form; piperazine; ketamine; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; communicable disease; AODR mortality; mephedrone; Europe; annual report
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2011). Cost and financing of drug treatment services in Europe : an exploratory study. Selected issues. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: Recent estimates suggest that, each year, over 1 million Europeans receive treatment for problems related to the use of illicit drugs (EMCDDA, 2010). Of these, more than half receive opioid substitution treatment for problems related to opioid drugs, primarily heroin. The current levels of provision of drug treatment services in the European Union are the result of an expansion of services that has taken place during the last two decades. For much of that time, services expanded against a background of a growing drug problem, and one in which economic conditions were largely favourable. Now, however, in an era of cuts in government expenditure, managing the costs of treatment and ensuring the highest quality and best outcomes for the lowest possible cost are priorities. While measuring and improving drug treatment outcomes have been relatively high on the research agenda in recent years, the cost of treatment has received far less research attention. Addressing this information gap is likely to have a number of benefi ts for both decision-makers and treatment providers. On the one hand, service providers need accurate information on the costs of service provision in order to plan the allocation of resources. On the other, decision-makers and funders can use such information as a means of cost control, for example, by comparing costs of similar services or those of alternative providers of similar services. Finally, as a part of a fuller economic analysis, information on service costs is needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of interventions and treatment programmes. The cost of drug treatment in Europe is looked at from two main angles in this Selected issue. First, it presents an overview of the main sources of drug treatment funding and the financing mechanisms that are employed in European countries. The available data are presented on who is paying for drug treatment, how funding is organised, and how funding is distributed among different treatment modalities. This is followed by an analysis of the unit costs of different types of drug treatment. Costs related to opioid substitution treatment including the costs of substitution medication for a number of European countries are presented here. This publication keeps a tight focus on the cost of drug treatment and does not attempt to undertake a broader economic analysis of the healthcare and social costs relating to illicit drugs. This Selected issue represents a fi rst attempt to provide a European overview of drug treatment costs, and individual countries are brought into focus to illustrate specifi c aspects of the analysis. This subject is both topical and methodologically challenging. The varying availability of information as well as the complexity of funding arrangements mean that, at best, only very incomplete estimates can be made of the costs of (or expenditure on) drug treatment in Europe.
Keywords: Aod; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; addiction; heroin; treatment and maintenance; detoxification; inpatient care; outpatient care; methadone; heroin-assisted treatment; financial management; treatment cost; treatment method; financial statement; financing; study; Europe; report
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2011). Guidelines for the treatment of drug dependence: a European perspective. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in the development of treatment guidelines in the European drugs field. This has largely built on a body of evidence on the treatment of drug dependence that has developed since the 1980s, alongside a growing interest in, and understanding of, the eff ectiveness of interventions. A range of tools became available to translate evidence into satisfactory and sustainable results, among them : guidelines and standards, education and training, implementation and assessment, monitoring, and accreditation systems based on quality standards. The focus of this Selected issue is drug dependence treatment guidelines – one of the main measures used to improve and guarantee the quality of drug treatment provision. The focus on drug dependence treatment is timely and appropriate, as current estimates suggest that at least 1.1 million people were treated for illicit drug use in the European Union, Croatia, Turkey and Norway during 2009 (1). This is the consequence of a major expansion of specialised outpatient services during the last twenty years, with the significant inclusion of primary healthcare, self-help groups, general mental health services, and outreach and low-threshold service providers. While more than half of clients received opioid substitution treatment, a substantial number received other forms of treatment for problems related to opioids, stimulants, cannabis and other illicit drugs. The main modalities used for the treatment of drug problems in Europe are opioid substitution, detoxification and psychosocial interventions. Drug dependence treatment services are provided in a variety of settings: specialised treatment units (including outpatient and inpatient centres), mental health clinics and hospitals, units in prison, lowthreshold agencies and by offi ce-based general practitioners. Particularly in western Europe, there appears to have been a gradual shift away from a view of drug dependence treatment as the responsibility of a few specialist disciplines providing intensive, short-term interventions towards a multidisciplinary, integrated and longer-term approach. Evidence suggests that continuous care and integrated treatment responses may be aided by the development and use of guidelines, care protocols and case management by all the relevant service providers (Haggerty et al., 2003). This publication sets out to introduce the topic of treatment quality improvement by the development of guidelines (and other documents), and to provide an overview of the existing national guidelines for the treatment of drug dependence in Europe.
Keywords: Aod; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; drug; drug dependent; addiction; illicit drug; opioids in any form; heroin; evaluation; treatment and maintenance; treatment and patient care; Europe; report
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Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants. (2012). Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants : rapport 2011. Vienne: Nations Unies (ONU), Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants (OICS).
Keywords: government and politics; laws and regulations; international area; Europe; Africa; America; Asia; Oceania
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Science Group of the European Alcohol and Health Forum. (2011). Alcohol, work and productivity. Bruxelles: Science Group of the European alcohol and Health Forum.
Abstract: The European alcohol and Health Forum2 requested in the spring of 2010 the Science Group to provide a summary of the evidence base and advice for possible actions by Forum members to address the Strategy’s goals of preventing alcohol-related harm among adults and reducing the negative impact on the workplace (Annex I). In particular, the Science Group was asked to provide: 1. A quantification of the impact on alcohol on the workplace, and an evaluation of the effects on the productivity of the EU workforce. 2. A concise overview of the current state of play across Europe, highlighting key trends and/or any variations in national or sector experiences as well as between larger or smaller workplace settings. 3. Any pointers towards: (a) High value options for additional research or collection of additional data and indicators; (b) Effective approaches to consider for wider deployment in more workplace settings,including any guidance as to the need for prioritisation of action targeting particular sectoral, professional or age specific groups. The Chair of the Science Group suggested the establishment of a dedicated Working Group to prepare a scientific report on the topic. The Working Group consisted of the following persons: Professor Peter Anderson (chair), Dr. Marjana Martinic, Dr. Anders Romelsjö. The report in Part I deals with items 1 and 3 of the above task requests. The content of the report includes the impact of alcohol on productivity both in work (absenteeism and presenteeism) as well as out of work (unemployment) as these are all related, particularly in times of economic downturn, when workers need to be re integrated back into the workforce. The report in Part II, Approaches to reducing alcohol related harm in the workplace, describes a number of workplace interventions in practice implemented by beverage alcohol producer companies. While workplace interventions are applied across many industries and sectors, these companies were selected because they are members of the alcohol and Health Forum and information about their practices was accessible to the Science group.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; alcohol; work; workplace AOD policy; workplace context; public health; health promotion; public policy on alcohol; harm reduction; prevention; prevention program; report
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Bundesamt für Gesundheit. (2012). Die Heroingestützte Behandlung : Behandlung mit Diacetylmorphin (HeGeBe) in den Jahren 2011. Bern: Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG), Nationale Präventionsprogramme.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; heroin-assisted treatment; monitoring; health; communicable disease; statistical data; Switzerland; annual report
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Bundesrat. (2012). Gefährdungspotenzial von Internet und Online-Games. Bern: Bundeskanzlei.
Keywords: government and politics; addiction; addictive behavior; internet; risk assessment; report; Switzerland
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Eidgenössische Alkoholverwaltung, Régie fédérale des alcools, & Regìa federale degli alcool. (2012). Alkoholzehntel : Berichte der Kantone 2011 = Dîme de l'alcool : Rapports cantonaux 2011 = Decima dell'alcool : Rapporti cantonali 2011. Bern; Berne; Berna: Eidgenössische Alkoholverwaltung (EAV); Régie fédérale des alcools (RFA); Regìa federale degli alcool (RFA).
Abstract: Die Kantone erhalten 10 Prozent des Reinertrags aus der Besteuerung der gebrannten Wasser. Diese Mittel sind zur Bekämpfung der Ursachen und Wirkungen von Suchtproblemen zu verwenden. Der Anteil der Kantone ist zur Bekämpfung des Alkoholismus, des Suchtmittel-, Betäubungsmittel- und Medikamentenmissbrauchs in ihren Ursachen und Wirkungen zu verwenden. Die Kantone erstatten dem Bundesrat jährlich Bericht über die Verwendung ihres Anteils. Un dixième du produit net de l’impôt sur les boissons distillées est versé aux cantons. Ils utilisent ces fonds pour combattre les causes et les effets de l’abus de substances engendrant la dépendance. Les cantons sont tenus d’employer leur part pour combattre dans leurs causes et dans leurs effets l’alcoolisme, l’abus des stupéfiants et autres substances engendrant la dépendance ainsi que l’abus des médicaments. Les cantons présentent, chaque année, un rapport au Conseil fédéral sur cet emploi. Il 10 per cento del prodotto netto dell’imposizione delle bevande distillate è devoluto ai Cantoni. È impiegato per combattere, nelle sue cause e nei suoi effetti, l’abuso di sostanze che generano dipendenza. La parte spettante ai Cantoni dev’essere impiegata nella lotta contro l’alcolismo, l’abuso di stupefacenti o di altre sostanze che generano dipendenza e l’abuso di medicamenti, nelle loro cause e nei loro effetti. I Cantoni presentano ogni anno al Consiglio federale un rapporto sull’impiego della loro quota.
Keywords: monitoring; alcohol; taxes; financing; prevention; early identification; treatment and maintenance; aftercare; research; education; statistical data; Switzerland; report
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