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Aeberhard, N. N. (2015). Alkohol und häusliche Gewalt in der Beratungspraxis. SuchtMagazin, 41(6), 4–11.
Abstract: Bei rund 50% der Frauen in der Opferberatung und 30% der Männer in der Gewaltberatung tritt neben Gewalt in der Partnerschaft auch eine Alkoholproblematik auf. Es wird vermutet, dass sich in der Suchtberatung ein ähnliches Bild zeigt. Zwischen Alkohol und häuslicher Gewalt besteht ein komplexer Zusammenhang, der das Wohlbefinden Betroffener stark beeinträchtigt. Diese Tatsache macht häusliche Gewalt auch zu einem relevanten Thema in der Suchtarbeit. Unterstützung im Umgang mit der Dualproblematik bietet das Projekt «Alkohol und häusliche Gewalt in der Beratungspraxis». In einem weiteren Projekt wurde mittels einer Bedarfsanalyse der Handlungsbedarf aus der Perspektive der Praxis erhoben.
Keywords: alcohol; domestic violence; abused spouse; counseling; addiction care; dual diagnosis; knowledge, attitudes, and practices; needs assessment
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Bruggmann, P., & Maeschli, B. (2015). Die Vision einer Schweiz ohne Hepatitis. SuchtMagazin, 41(6), 44–46.
Abstract: Menschen, die Drogen injizieren oder injiziert haben, sind besonders von Hepatitis-C-Infektionen betroffen. Neue Therapien bringen verbesserte Heilungschancen. Darüber hinaus lassen die hohen Heilungsraten auch ein visionäres Ziel in greifbare Nähe rücken: die Elimination von viraler Hepatitis in der Schweiz. Ein Netzwerk von über 80 Persönlichkeiten arbeitet mit Hochdruck an einer Schweizer Hepatitis-Strategie.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; viral hepatitis; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; cooperation; strategy
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Hüsler, G., Werlen, E., & Rehm, J. (2005). The Action Plan : a new instrument to collect data on interventions in secondary prevention in adolescents. Substance use and misuse, 40(6), 761–777.
Abstract: It is difficult to draw causal conclusions about the effectiveness of secondary prevention programs for adolescents at risk, when the programs use a variety of different interventions. The Action Plan is an instrument that is designed to make collection of such data possible. This allows calculating different kinds of intervention patterns for each participant and program, which, in combination with outcome measures, gives an estimate of successful vs. less successful interventions. The study compared intervention patterns from 12 different sites in a national intervention program in Switzerland. The program, called supra-f (www.supra-f.ch), started in 1999 and will end in 2005. Results are presented from the ongoing study with approximately 600 adolescents. We calculated effect sizes (ES) to compare interventions with outcome measures. Effect sizes (ES) are presented on well being, coping, self-esteem, delinquency, and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis) in relation to intervention packages, risk groups (low, moderate, high), and age (two groups: 11-15 and 16-20 years of age) using data collected from 1999-2002.
Keywords: AOD use; adolescent; risk; Supra-f; community involvement; secondary prevention; prevention research; program evaluation; study; statistical data; Switzerland
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Ansermot, N., Albayrak, Ö., Schläpfer, J., Crettol, S., Croquette, M., Bourquin, M., et al. (2010). Substitution of (R,S)-methadone by (R)-methadone : impact on QTc interval. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(6), 529–536.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Methadone is administered as a chiral mixture of (R,S)-methadone. The opioid effect is mainly mediated by (R)-methadone, whereas (S)-methadone blocks the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) voltage-gated potassium channel more potently, which can cause drug-induced long QT syndrome, leading to potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. METHODS: To investigate whether substitution of (R,S)-methadone by (R)-methadone could reduce the corrected QT (QTc) interval, (R,S)-methadone was replaced by (R)-methadone (half-dose) in 39 opioid-dependent patients receiving maintenance treatment for 14 days. (R)-methadone was then replaced by the initial dose of (R,S)-methadone for 14 days (n = 29). Trough (R)-methadone and (S)-methadone plasma levels and electrocardiogram measurements were taken. RESULTS: The Fridericia-corrected QT (QTcF) interval decreased when (R,S)-methadone was replaced by a half-dose of (R)-methadone; the median (interquartile range [IQR]) values were 423 (398-440) milliseconds (ms) and 412 (395-431) ms (P = .06) at days 0 and 14, respectively. Using a univariate mixed-effect linear model, the QTcF value decreased by a mean of -3.9 ms (95% confidence interval [CI], -7.7 to -0.2) per week (P = .04). The QTcF value increased when (R)-methadone was replaced by the initial dose of (R,S)-methadone for 14 days; median (IQR) values were 424 (398-436) ms and 424 (412-443) ms (P = .01) at days 14 and 28, respectively. The univariate model showed that the QTcF value increased by a mean of 4.7 ms (95% CI, 1.3-8.1) per week (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Substitution of (R,S)-methadone by (R)-methadone reduces the QTc interval value. A safer cardiac profile of (R)-methadone is in agreement with previous in vitro and pharmacogenetic studies. If the present results are confirmed by larger studies, (R)-methadone should be prescribed instead of (R,S)-methadone to reduce the risk of cardiac toxic effects and sudden death.
Keywords: methadone; opioids in any form; narcotic analgesics; drug substitution therapy; empirical study; statistical data
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Matthews, K., Shepherd, J., & Sivarajasingham, V. (2006). Violence-related injury and the price of beer in England and Wales. Applied economics, 38(6), 661–670.
Abstract: The paper examines the influence of the real price of beer on violence-related injuries across the economic regions in England and Wales. The data are monthly frequency of violent-injury collected from a stratified sample of 58 National Health Service Emergency Departments 1995-2000. An econometric model based on economic, socio-demographic and environmental factors was estimated using panel techniques. It is shown that the rate of violence-related injury is negatively related to the real price of beer, as well as economic, sporting and socio-demographic factors. The principal conclusion of the paper is that the regional distribution of the incidence of violent injury is related to the regional distribution of the price of beer. The major policy conclusion is that increased alcohol prices would result in substantially fewer violent injuries and reduced demand on trauma services.
Keywords: alcohol product; beer; price and pricing; AOD price; AODR violence; injury; emergency care; economics; socioeconomic differences; United Kingdom; England; Wales
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Guydish, J., Bucardo, J., Young, M., Woods, W., Grinstead, O., & Clark, W. (1993). Evaluating needle exchange : are there negative effects? Aids, 7(6), 871–876.
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Latkin, C. A., Vlahov, D., Anthony, J. C., Kohn, S., & Mandell, W. (1992). Needle-Cleaning Practices among Intravenous Drug Users Who Share Injection Equipment in Baltimore, Maryland. International journal of the addictions, 27(6), 717–725.
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Coffin, P. O., Galea, S., Ahern, J., Leon, A. C., Vlahov, D., & Tardiff, K. (2003). Opiates, cocaine and alcohol combinations in accidental drug overdose deaths in New York City, 1990-98. Addiction, 98(6), 739–747.
Abstract: AIMS: Accidental drug overdose contributes substantially to mortality among drug users. Multi-drug use has been documented as a key risk factor in overdose and overdose mortality in several studies. This study investigated the contribution of multiple drug combinations to overdose mortality trends. DESIGN: We collected data on all overdose deaths in New York City between 1990 and 1998 using records from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME). We standardized yearly overdose death rates by age, sex and race to the 1990 census population for NYC to enable comparability between years relevant to this analysis. FINDINGS: Opiates, cocaine and alcohol were the three drugs most commonly attributed as the cause of accidental overdose death by the OCME, accounting for 97.6% of all deaths; 57.8% of those deaths were attributed to two or more of these three drugs in combination. Accidental overdose deaths increased in 1990-93 and subsequently declined slightly in 1993-98. Changes in the rate of multi-drug combination deaths accounted for most of the change in overdose death rates, whereas single drug overdose death rates remained relatively stable. Trends in accidental overdose death rates within gender and racial/ethnic strata varied by drug combination suggesting different patterns of multi-drug use among different subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that interventions to prevent accidental overdose mortality should address the use of drugs such as heroin, cocaine and alcohol in combination.
Keywords: monitoring
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Zimmermann, U. S., Mick, I., & Mann, K. F. (2008). Neurobiologische Aspekte des Alkoholkonsums bei Kindern und Jugendlichen = Neurobiological implications of child and adolescent alcohol consumption. Sucht : Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis = Sucht : German journal of addiction research and practice, 54(6), 335–345.
Abstract: Fragestellung: Welche neurobiologischen Erkenntnisse zu Ursachen und Folgen übermäßigen Alkoholkonsums bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind gegenwärtig bekannt? Methodik: Überblick über einschlägige epidemiologische und experimentelle Studien. Ergebnisse: Eine Reihe neurobiologischer Faktoren beeinflusst das Trinkverhalten Jugendlicher und das Risiko für spätere Alkoholabhängigkeit. Sie sind größtenteils genetisch beeinflusst, entfalten ihr Risikopotential jedoch erst durch wechselseitige Interaktion mit Umwelteinflüssen. Bereits im Jugendalter können Alkoholfolgeschäden am Gehirn und seiner Funktion auftreten. Schlussfolgerungen: Das Vermeiden übermäßigen Alkoholkonsums im Jugendalter begünstigt den noch im Ablauf befindlichen Prozess der Gehirnreifung und verringert die Gefahr späterer Alkoholsucht. Aim: To describe what is currently known about the neurobiological causes and consequences of excessive alcohol consumption among children and adolescents. Methods: A review of the relevant epidemiological and experimental studies was carried out. Results: A number of neurobiological factors affect adolescent drinking behaviour and the risk of later developing alcohol dependence. These factors are primarily genetically determined, but the risk potential develops through reciprocal interactions with the environment. alcohol-related harmful effects on the brain and its functioning can begin during adolescence. Conclusions: Avoiding drinking excessively during adolescence will facilitate brain maturational processes and reduce the risk of later developing alcohol dependence.
Keywords: neurobiology (field); brain function; brain damage; AOD consumption; AOD dependence; AOD use pattern; AOD effects and consequences; risk factors; adolescent; child; Germany
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Castra, U. (2015). Pa-paRat : Väter als gesundheitsfördernde Akteure. SuchtMagazin, 41(6), 33–35.
Abstract: Im Projekt Pa-paRat der Stiftung Berner Gesundheit diskutieren Väter mit Migrationshintergrund Fragen rund um die Themen Gesundheit und Erziehung. Dafür wurden zwölf Väter zu Moderatoren ausgebildet und darauf geschult, Einzelberatungen und Gruppenintervisionen durchzuführen. Die Moderatoren – sog. Peerleader – veranstalten in ihren jeweiligen Communities zwei Treffen, die von ihnen geleitet und inhaltlich gestaltet werden.
Keywords: migration; father; health; education; peer-led prevention program; community; Berne (canton)
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