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Ullrich, P. (2003). Infobulletin Nr. 4, Dezember 2003. Infobulletin : Informationen zum Straf- und Massnahmenvollzug, 28(4; 12/2003), 28.
Keywords: government and politics; AOD use; prison-based health service; prison-based prevention; legislative process; jurisdiction; Switzerland
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Heimer, R., Clair, S., Teng, W., Grau, L. E., Khoshnood, K., & Singer, M. (2002). Effects of increasing syringe availability on syringe-exchange use and HIV risk : Connecticut, 1990-2001. Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 79(4; 12/2002), 556–570.
Abstract: Syringe-exchange programs (SEPs) in Connecticut operate with caps on the number of syringes exchanged per visit. We investigated the effects of legislation increasing the cap on drug injectors’ access to clean syringes through the SEPs in New Haven and Hartford. The mixed design of this study included longitudinal and cross-sectional data from individuals and ecological data from program operations. Five parameters-syringe return rate, syringes per visit to the SEP, syringe reuse rate, syringe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, and syringe sharing-were monitored through syringe tracking and testing of SEP syringes and by interviewing injectors. Two increases in the cap-from 5 to 10 and then from 10 to 30-had little effect on the five parameters that measured injectors’ access to clean syringes. In contrast, access to clean syringes increased when the New Haven SEP first began operations, when syringes first became available at pharmacies in Hartford, and when the agency running the Hartford SEP changed. Legislation providing piecemeal increases in the cap may not, by themselves, be sufficient to increase injectors’ access to clean syringes and decrease the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission in this population.
Keywords: HIV infection; needle sharing; needle distribution and exchange; intravenous injection; Connecticut; New Haven; Hartford
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Linas, B. P., Coffin, P. O., Backes, G., & Vlahov, D. (2000). New York State pharmacist's attitudes toward needle and syringe sales to injection drug users before implementation of syringe deregulation. Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 77(4; 12/2000), 768–780.
Abstract: In May 2000, New York State passed legislation permitting the sale, purchase, and possession of up to 10 needles and syringes without a prescription. The law is intended to reduce the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis among injection drug users (IDUs), their sexual partners, and their children. To obtain baseline information about the attitudes and likely practices of New York State pharmacists, we distributed a self-administered questionnaire to attendees of the state pharmacy association meeting in June 2000. Of 48 usable responses, 19% were from New York City and the rest from New York State. Of the 48, 42% were unaware of the new law before the day of the survey, and 60% were somewhat or very willing to sell needles and syringes to an IDU. Of those who were not willing to sell to an IDU, 82% cited familiarity of the customer as a very important consideration in their decision making. Those who were not willing to sell to an IDU were more concerned about the detrimental impact of syringe sales on the community, were less likely to be aware of the new law, and were more likely to be concerned about legal liability for syringe sales. Over 80% of all pharmacists believed that syringe sales to IDUs are an important preventive health measure. The majority also favored learning more about the law. Compared to other state surveys of pharmacists, these preliminary data show a similar level of interest in becoming involved with syringe availability programs.
Keywords: harm reduction; needle distribution and exchange; pharmacist; minor offense; prevention; law; United States; New York
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various. (1997). Psychotropes : revue internationale des toxicomanies : décembre 1997 (Vol. 3). Paris: Masson.
Keywords: government and politics; international area
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Barré-Sinoussi, F., & various. (1990). Rétrovirus No. 8 : Sida et toxicomanie (I) (Vol. 3). La Varenne Saint-Hilaire: Association Rétrovirus.
Keywords: health promotion; HIV infection; Aids
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Kurz, T. (1989). Die stationäre Drogentherapie im Frühjahr 1989 : eine Vollerhebung im deutschschweizerischen Therapiebereich. Die Kette : schweizerisches Magazin für Drogenfragen, 15(4; 12/1989), 15–18.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; inpatient care; residential facility; HIV infection; statistical data; survey; Switzerland; German-speaking Switzerland
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Gahr, M., Freudenmann, R. W., Hiemke, C., Gunst, I. M., Connemann, B. J., & Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C. (2012). Desomophine goes “Crocodile”. Journal of addictive diseases, 31(4; 10/2012), 407–412.
Abstract: A systematic review was conducted to identify the available data for the term Krokodil, which is a jargon expression for an allegedly new drug. Krokodil seems to be a mixture of several substances and was first used in Russia in 2003, with a tremendous increase in the number of addicted individuals since then. The psychoactive core agent of Krokodil is desomorphine, an opioid-analogon that can be manufactured by boiling tablets containing codeine and other ingredients. The procedure results in a suspension that is used intravenously and regularly causes complications such as abscess, thrombophlebitis, and gangrene.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; addiction; chemical addiction; opioids in any form; designer drug; research chemical; codeine; morphine; epidemiology; AODR mortality; AOD effects and AODR problems; AOD induced risk; AODR disability; international area; Russia; Germany
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Helfer, M., Cassese, A., & Fahrenkrug, H. (2008). Standpunkte Online Nr. 4 : Die SFA befürwortet die Revision des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes : Die SFA lehnt die Hanf-Initiative ab : Leichter Rückgang beim Konsum der Jüngeren : Alkohol, kein Mittel gegen Stress : Wenn Schlaftabletten den Schlaf rauben : St(r)andpunkt: Laute Musik kurbelt das Trinken an. Standpunkte Online : Online-Magazin der Schweizerischen Fachstelle für Alkohol- und andere Drogenprobleme, (4; 09/2008), 11.
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Helfer, M., Cassese, A., & Fahrenkrug, H. (2008). Grand angle No 4 : L'ISPA approuve la révision de la loi sur les stupéfiants : L'ISPA refuse l'initiative sur le chanvre : Léger recul de la consommation des plus jeunes : L'alcool n'est as un remède contre le stress : Lorsque les somnifères font perdre le sommeil : Grand angle: la musique forte pousse à boire. Grand angle : magazine web de l’Institut suisse de prévention de l’alcoolisme et autres toxicomanies, (4; 09/2008), 12.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction
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Hunt, N. (2004). Santé publique ou droits de l'homme? Quelle priorité? International journal of drug policy, 15(4; 09/2004), 231–237.
Abstract: Le respect des droits de l’homme est une caractéristique qui définit la réduction des risques, communément caractérisée comme un mouvement basé sur la santé publique. L’importance qu’il attache à une « user-friendliness » et la conception que les consommateurs de drogue ont droit au même respect et à la même dignité que les autres usagers de services sanitaires ou sociaux est largement partagée par les professionnels de la réduction des risques. Dans ce courant il y a également un discours qui identifie la consommation de drogue comme un droit humain qui voudrait que la réduction des risques fasse partie du mouvement des droits de 1’homme: ceci nous conduit à décrire deux philosophies de la réduction des risques: une version « light » où les gens ont droit à un traitement convenable et une version plus appuyée « hard »qui reconnaît en plus le droit à l’usage de drogues. En faisant des droits de l’homme ou de la santé publique une priorité peut amener différents concepts de réduction des risques et différentes formes « d’actions correctes ». Privilégier la santé peut même, dans certains cas, être en phase avec une politique prohibitionniste si elle réduit les dommages. En contraste, la version élargie de la réduction des risques subordonne des considérations de santé publique au droit de consommer des drogues et implique le soutien à des politiques qui peuvent parfois augmenter les dommages. En Grande-Bretagne, la publication de « The Angel Declaration» qui reconnaît le droit d’utiliser des drogues et propose un cadre de régulation minime pour une ère post-prohibition a poussé les professionnels de la réduction des risques à clarifier s’ils approuvaient pleinement le droit de consommer des drogues dans le cadre de leur conception de la réduction des risques. Cet article élabore ces thèmes dans le contexte des contraintes issues des conventions des Nations Unies de 1961,1971 et 1988.
Keywords: human rights; public health; AOD use; harm reduction
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