| Records |
| Author |
Drucker, Ernst |
| Title |
Injectable heroin substitution treatment for opioid dependency |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication  |
The Lancet |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
358 |
Issue |
27.10.2001 |
Pages |
1385 |
| Keywords |
addiction; treatment and maintenance; AOD dependence; heroin; heroin-assisted treatment; methadone; harm reduction; research; trial study; Switzerland; commentary |
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| Language |
English |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0140-6736 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-00136 |
Serial |
59614 |
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| Author |
Mattick, Richard P.; Hall, Wayne |
| Title |
Are detoxification programmes effective? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
The Lancet |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
347 |
Issue |
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Pages |
97-100 |
| Keywords |
treatment and maintenance; detoxification; quality |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0140-6736 |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-b |
Serial |
59479 |
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| Author |
O'Brien, Charles P.; McLellan, Thomas |
| Title |
Myths about the treatment of addiction |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
The Lancet |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
347 |
Issue |
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Pages |
237-240 |
| Keywords |
treatment and maintenance; addiction |
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| Language |
English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0140-6736 |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-c |
Serial |
59480 |
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| Author |
Nutt, David J. |
| Title |
Addiction : brain mechanisms and their treatment implications |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
The Lancet |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
347 |
Issue |
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Pages |
31-36 |
| Keywords |
treatment and maintenance; brain function; addiction |
| Abstract |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0140-6736 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-a |
Serial |
59478 |
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| Author |
Volkow, Nora D.; Fowler, Joanna S.; Wang, Gene-Jack |
| Title |
The addicted human brain : insights from imaging studies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
10; 05/2003 |
Pages |
1444-1451 |
| Keywords |
addiction; brain; neuroscience (field); neurobiology (field); research |
| Abstract |
Imaging studies have revealed neurochemical and functional changes in the brains of drug-addicted subjects that provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying addiction. Neurochemical studies have shown that large and fast increases in dopamine are associated with the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, but also that after chronic drug abuse and during withdrawal, brain dopamine function is markedly decreased and these decreases are associated with dysfunction of prefrontal regions (including orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus). The changes in brain dopamine function are likely to result in decreased sensitivity to natural reinforcers since dopamine also mediates the reinforcing effects of natural reinforcers and on disruption of frontal cortical functions, such as inhibitory control and salience attribution. Functional imaging studies have shown that during drug intoxication, or during craving, these frontal regions become activated as part of a complex pattern that includes brain circuits involved with reward (nucleus accumbens), motivation (orbitofrontal cortex), memory (amygdala and hippocampus), and cognitive control (prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus). Here, we integrate these findings and propose a model that attempts to explain the loss of control and compulsive drug intake that characterize addiction. Specifically, we propose that in drug addiction the value of the drug and drug-related stimuli is enhanced at the expense of other reinforcers. This is a consequence of conditioned learning and of the resetting of reward thresholds as an adaptation to the high levels of stimulation induced by drugs of abuse. In this model, during exposure to the drug or drug-related cues, the memory of the expected reward results in overactivation of the reward and motivation circuits while decreasing the activity in the cognitive control circuit. This contributes to an inability to inhibit the drive to seek and consume the drug and results in compulsive drug intake. This model has implications for therapy, for it suggests a multi-prong approach that targets strategies to decrease the rewarding properties of drugs, to enhance the rewarding properties of alternative reinforcers, to interfere with conditioned-learned associations, and to strengthen cognitive control in the treatment of drug addiction. |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0021-9738 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-11804 |
Serial |
59942 |
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| Author |
McConnell, Harvey |
| Title |
Needle sticks a low risk, Italian scientist suggests |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
The Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
August/September |
Issue |
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Pages |
5 |
| Keywords |
harm reduction |
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English |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-03162 |
Serial |
59815 |
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| Author |
Lowe, Kenna |
| Title |
Risky injection behaviors are established at onset of injection drug use |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
The JHU Gazette |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
28; 04.04.2005 |
Pages |
2 |
| Keywords |
AOD use, abuse, and dependence; intravenous injection; risk-taking behavior; young adult; needle sharing; United States; study |
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English |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-d |
Serial |
59481 |
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| Author |
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique; Dreifuss, Ruth |
| Title |
An ugly truth in the war on drugs |
Type |
Newspaper Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
The International Herald Tribune |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
10.03.2013 |
Pages |
2 |
| Keywords |
AOD dependent; AOD user; illicit drug; law enforcement; criminalization; prison; violence; war; treatment and maintenance; international area |
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Place of Publication |
New York |
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English |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-12808 |
Serial |
58911 |
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| Author |
Pollack, Andrew |
| Title |
Frustrating war on hepatitis C |
Type |
Newspaper Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
The International Herald Tribune |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
13.03.2003 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
health promotion; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C |
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Place of Publication |
New York |
Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-02739 |
Serial |
58246 |
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| Author |
Prior, David |
| Title |
The tory and the toke |
Type |
Newspaper Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
The Independent on Sunday |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
15.03.1998 |
Pages |
8 |
| Keywords |
illicit drug; licit drug; legal regulation; marijuana in any form; cannabis; United Kingdom; newspaper article |
| Abstract |
The Conservative MP for North Norfolk has enjoyed a joint or two in his time and he wonders why the practice is still illegal |
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English |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-00407 |
Serial |
58019 |
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