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Charter, D. (2008, 01.12.2008). Swiss voters back £14m-a-year health scheme to give addicts free heroin. The Times, 2.
Keywords: government and politics; Switzerland
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Owens, S., & O'Rouke, J. (1990, 08.10.1990). This is the place where legal heroin died a sick death. The Sun Herald, 16.
Abstract: Legalised shooting galleries do not work, say people. Susan Owens in London and Jim O’Rouke in Sydney report.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; heroin; heroin-assisted treatment; drug consumption; public AOD use; public area; Switzerland; Australia
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Bruce, lain S. (1999, 31.03.1999). Is This Root A Real Cure For Heroin Addiction? : A hallucinogenic plant used in African religious ceremonies might free addicts. The Scotsman.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; other AOD substances
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McAleer, P. (2004, 28.07.2004). N.J. studies Boston needle exchange : state officials examine program, seek to change needle-possession laws. The Press of Atlantic City.
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Hilts, P. J. (1993, 01.10.1993). Giving addicts clean needles cuts spread of AIDS, U.S. study finds. The New York Times.
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Navarro, M. (1993, 18.02.1993). New York needle exchanges called surprisingly effective. The New York Times, pp. A1–B4.
Keywords: harm reduction; needle distribution and exchange; prevention; HIV infection; Aids; program evaluation; United States; New York City; newspaper article
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Boyce, N. (1999). Let them smoke pot : a new report rejects American government policy on therapeutic cannabis. The New Scientist, (2179; 27.03.1999), 2.
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Edlin, B. R., Seal, K. H., Lorvick, J., Kral, A. H., Ciccarone, D. H., Moore, L. D., et al. (2001). Is it justifiable to withhold treatment for hepatitis C from illicit-drug users? The New England journal of medicine, 345(3; 19.07.2001), 211–214.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C
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Davis, G. L., & Rodrigue, J. R. (2001). Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in active drug users. The New England journal of medicine, 345(3; 19.07.2001), 215–217.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C
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Hagan, H., & Des Jarlais, D. C. (2000). HIV and HCV infection among injecting drug users. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 67(5+6; 10/2000), 423–428.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the two blood-borne pathogens most commonly transmitted among injection drug users via multi-person use of syringes and other injection equipment. However, important differences exist in the epidemiology of HIV and HCV within different populations of intravenous drug users. METHOD: A literature review was carried out to summarize publications describing the epidemiology and natural history of HIV and HCV in injection drug users. RESULTS: Among injection drug users worldwide, HIV prevalence varies from <5% to >80%, with annual HIV incidence between <1% and 50%. More consistency is shown in HCV prevalence (50–90%) and incidence (10–30% per year). Host, environmental and viral factors that favor rapid spread of HCV among IDUs suggest that HCV infection in a population of injection drug users may become endemic over a relatively short period of time. Lower transmission efficiency for HIV also indicates that its spread among injection drug users may be somewhat slower. CONCLUSIONS: Successful efforts to prevent transmission of blood-borne viruses among IDUs typically result in risk reduction; however, no intervention has resulted in elimination of risk behavior. To reduce HIV transmission, risk reduction may be sufficient, whereas control of HCV may necessitate the use of injection practices that guarantee elimination of exposure to equipment contaminated with even small amounts of blood.
Keywords: intravenous injection; AOD abuse; HIV infection; hepatitis C virus; epidemiology
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