Broers, B., & Künzi, U. (2009). Quelles sont les questions actuelles en matière de traitement avec méthadone? = Methadonbehandlung: welche aktuellen Fragen stellen sich in der Methadonbehandlung? In Symposium act-info 2009 “Consommation de substances psychotropes en Suisse : tendances et nouveaux défis”, atelier 6 = Act-info Symposium 2009 “Suchtmittelkonsum in der Schweiz : Trends und neue Herausforderungen”, Workshop 6 (24). Berne; Bern: Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève (HUG), Service de médecine communautaire et de premier recours; Office fédéral de la santé publique (OFSP); Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG).
Keywords: methadone maintenance; epidemiology; government and politics; Switzerland; drug substitution therapy
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Roberts, G. (1991, 31.01.1991). A syringe to keep us safe. Sydney Morning Herald.
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Jost, J., Colombo, C., Ruef, C., & Iten, A. (1995). Die Gefährdung von Medizinalpersonen durch HIV (Vol. 2). Zürich: Swiss-Noso : Prävention der nosokomialen Infektionen im Schweizer Gesundheitswesen.
Keywords: risk; infection; HIV infection; workplace context
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Ruef, C., & Francioli, P. (1995). Desinfektion von Instrumenten nach Kontakt mit HIV-haltigen Körperflüssigkeiten – ein Problem? (Vol. 2). Zürich: Swiss-Noso : Prävention der nosokomialen Infektionen im Schweizer Gesundheitswesen.
Keywords: health promotion; infection; HIV infection; workplace context
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Daeppen, J. - B. (2003). Screening and brief alcohol interventions in trauma centres. Swiss Medical Weekly, 133(37-38; 26.09.2003), 495–500.
Abstract: A third of all trauma beds are occupied by patients injured while under the influence of alcohol, yet trauma centres currently treat the injury and ignore the underlying alcohol problem. The incorporation of brief interventions to motivate patients to reduce alcohol intake has been associated with a reduction of their drinking and a resultant decrease in health care costs. While trauma centres are ideally situated for alcohol screening, interventions, and referral, the efficacy of such a program should be confirmed and the strategies for its optimal implementation in the routine practise of care should be further evaluated.
Keywords: alcohol; brief intervention; trauma center; injury; screening and diagnostic method for AOD use
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Michaud, P. - A., Berchtold, A., Jeannin, A., Chossis, I., & Suris, J. - C. (2006). Secular trends in legal and illegal substance use among 16-20-year-old adolescents in Switzerland. Swiss Medical Weekly, 136(19-20; 13.05.2006), 318–326.
Abstract: Background: Data targeting trends in legal and illegal substance use by adolescents are scarce. Using the data from two similar large national surveys run in 1993 and 2002, this paper assesses secular trends in rates of substance use among 16-20-year-old Swiss adolescents. Methods: Self-reported regular use of tobacco, alcohol misuse, regular cannabis use (01 occasion over last 30 days) and lifetime use of psychoactive medication, LSD, ecstasy, cocaine and heroine were assessed through identical questions using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. 9268 (1993) and 7428 (2002) high school students and apprentices were included in the analyses. Results: There is a higher proportion of regular smokers among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Between 1993 and 2002 the increase in regular tobacco consumption was significant among both female and male apprentices (p <0.001) but not among students. Between 1993 and 2002 alcohol misuse significantly increased in all four groups (p <0.001). It is more prevalent among males than among females (p <0.001) and higher among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Regular use of cannabis has increased in the four groups (p <0.0001). It is higher among males than among females (p <0.001), while it is largely the same among students and apprentices. While the increase in ecstasy use is highly significant in all four groups (p <0.001), the increase in LSD and cocaine use is significant among apprentices only (p <0.001). Use of LSD, ecstasy and cocaine is more prevalent among males than among females (<0.001) and higher among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Conclusion: The secular increase in psychoactive substance use among older Swiss adolescents calls for the implementation of effective strategies both from individual and public health viewpoints.
Keywords: adolescent; student; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; psychoactive substances; alcohol; tobacco in any form; illicit drug; cannabis; LSD; ecstasy; cocaine; heroin; statistical data; Switzerland
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Waldvogel, D., Figner, B., & Eich, D. (2005). Illicit methadone injecting during methadone maintenance treatment in a specialised out-patient clinic. Swiss Medical Weekly, 135(43-44; 29.10.2005), 644–646.
Abstract: Aim: The injection of non-sterile methadone designed for oral consumption is associated with serious health risks. There is only a small number of studies on this topic, with divergent results. The main aim of the present study was to obtain data on the frequency of methadone injecting in a state out-patient clinic specialised in substance use disorders. Methods: Eighty patients in methadone maintenance treatment were interviewed with a short questionnaire. Mean age was 32 years, 76% were male, mean methadone dose was 55 mg. Results: Twenty-six patients (32%) indicated having injected methadone at least once in their life. Only four patients (5%) reported having injected methadone within the preceding month (mean dose 56 mg). All four had injected additional substances during this month. Conclusions: Frequency rates appeared low compared with other studies despite a generous take-away policy. The results suggest an association between methadone injecting and a more general tendency to inject substances.
Keywords: methadone; intravenous injection; AOD abuse; harm reduction; prevalence
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Liechti, M. E., Kunz, I., & Kupferschmidt, H. (2005). Acute medical problems due to ecstasy use : case-series of emergency department visits. Swiss Medical Weekly, 135(43-44; 29.10.2005), 652–657.
Abstract: Study aim: To describe the clinical characteristics of Ecstasy (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) toxicity. Methods: Retrospective case-study of 52 selfreported Ecstasy intoxications presenting to our Emergency Department (ED) between January 2001 and December 2003. Results: Most patients ingested Ecstasy together with other substances, including alcohol (51.9%) or other illicit drugs (71.1%). Medical problems leading to ED presentation were collapse or loss of consciousness (36.5%), palpitations (19.2%), dizziness or weakness (15.4%), and anxiety (13.5%). When other drugs were used in combination with Ecstasy the clinical presentation significantly changed. Panic reactions were observed in 4 of 13 patients with cocaine co-use (30.7%), compared to 3 of 39 patients without cocaine use (7.7%). Deep coma was found in 11 of 16 patients with co-use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) or opiates (68.8%) but in none of the 36 patients who took Ecstasy without these drugs. Most patients were monitored in the ED. Six patients (11.5%) were transferred to an intensive care unit. Medical complications were severe in five patients and included cardiac arrest, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal insufficiency and liver failure, seizures, and one fatal outcome. Conclusions: The clinical picture of Ecstasy related problems is complicated by multiple drug ingestion. Co-use of cocaine induces panic reactions. Co-use of GHB or opiates results in depressed levels of consciousness.
Keywords: AOD abuse; ecstasy; MDMA; AOD intoxication
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Egli, D. (1999). The Swiss heroin policy. SJES, 135(2), 187–206.
Abstract: The Swiss heroin policy is compared to a theoretically derived rational drug policy. It is argued that, although being one of the most liberal policies worldwide, the Swiss policy still is too repressive. A further legalization of heroin would most probably be welfare enhancing.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; heroin; opioid contaminant; opioids in any form; heroin-assisted treatment; laws and regulations; policy recommendations; Switzerland
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Charrat Diop, L. (2008). Grisélidis : Outreach-Organisation für Sexworkerinnen in Fribourg. Swiss Aids News : Medizin, Gesellschaft, Recht, (1; 02/2008), 1.
Keywords: harm reduction; Aids; HIV infection; health promotion; prostitution
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