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Andersson, Barbro; Hibell, Björn; Beck, François; Choquet, Marie; Kokkevi, Anna; Fotiou, Anastasios; Molinaro, Sabrina; Nociar, Alojz; Sieroslawski, Januzs; Trapencieris, Marcis |
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Alcohol and drug use among european 17-18 year old students : data from the ESPAD project : full report |
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Report |
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2007 |
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135, annexe |
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AOD use; alcohol; tobacco product; illicit drug; target group; adolescent; Europe |
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European School Survey Project on alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD); Swedish Council for Information on alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN); Council of Europe, Co-operation Group to Combat Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs (Pompidou Group) |
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Stockholm |
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50-00782 |
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56145 |
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Author |
Bruggmann, Philip |
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Title |
Alcohol and HCV treatment |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
1st international symposium on hepatitis care in substance users |
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31 |
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hepatitis C; addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; medical treatment method |
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Arbeitsgemeinschaft für risikoarmen Umgang mit Drogen (ARUD) |
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Zurich |
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50-10702 |
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61305 |
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Author |
Cherpitel, Cheryl J.; Borges, Guilherme; Giesbrecht, Norman; Hungerford, Daniel; Peden, Margie; Poznyak, Vladimir; Room, Robin; Stockwell, Tim |
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Title |
alcohol and injuries : emergency department studies in an international perspective |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2009 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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x, 286 |
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Keywords |
alcohol; AOD use as accident factor; AODR accident mortality; alcohol intoxication; diagnosis; injury; etiology; epidemiology; hospital; emergency care; international area; study |
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Abstract |
alcohol-attributable injuries are of a growing concern to the public health community, with alcohol-related injuries such as road traffic accidents, burns, poisonings, falls and drownings making up more than a third of the disease burden attributable to alcohol consumption. This publication synthesizes results of a number of hospital emergency department studies conducted in different cultural and health care settings, including the WHO Collaborative Study on alcohol and Injuries. It provides an introduction to the epidemiology of alcohol related injuries and refers to methodological issues of emergency department studies. It addresses public policy implications and equips the reader with practical information on interventions that can be implemented in emergency departments, such as screening and brief interventions for hazardous and harmful drinking. The book has been compiled by an international group of editors with extensive experience in the area of alcohol and injuries. |
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World Health Organization (WHO) |
Place of Publication |
Geneva |
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50-11182 |
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55101 |
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Author |
Kuendig, Hervé; Hasselberg, Marie; Laflamme, Lucie; Daeppen, Jean-Bernard; Gmel, Gerhard |
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alcohol and nonlethal injuries: a Swiss emergency department study on the risk relationship between acute alcohol consumption and type of injury |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of trauma : injury, infection, and critical care |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
203-211 |
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Keywords |
addiction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; AOD consumption; AOD effects and consequences; injury; risk factors; public health; prevention; emergency care; study; Switzerland; Lausanne |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Acute alcohol consumption has been reported to be an important risk factor for injury, but clear scientific evidence on issues such as injury type is not available. The present study aims to improve the knowledge of the importance of alcohol consumption as an injury determinant with regards to two dimensions of the type of injury, namely the nature and the body region involved. METHODS: Risk relationships between two injury type components and acute alcohol use were estimated through multinomial and logistic regression models based on data from 7,529 patients-among whom 3,682 had injury diagnoses-gathered in a Swiss emergency department. RESULTS: Depending on the type of injury, between 31.1% and 48.7% of casualties report alcohol use before emergency department attendance. The multinomial regression models show that even low alcohol levels are consistently associated with nearly all natures of injury and body regions. A persistent dose-response effect between alcohol levels and risk associations was observed for almost all injury types. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance and consistency of the risk association between low and moderate levels of acute alcohol consumption and all types of injury. None of the body regions and natures of injury could pride on absence of association between alcohol and injury. Public health, prevention, and care implications are considered. |
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0022-5282 |
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50-11639 |
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59919 |
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Author |
Grant, Marcus; Fox, Anne; Leonard, Kenneth E.; O'Connor, Courtney Mireille; Dickson, Claire; Asare, Joseph; West, Ronald |
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Title |
Alcohol and violence : exploring the patterns and responses |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2008 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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i, 97 |
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AOD use, abuse, and dependence; alcohol; AODR violence; prevention; recommendations or guidelines; United States |
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Increasing attention is being paid to the question of what exactly is the nature of the association between alcohol and violence. This is the case both in terms of scientific and research efforts and also in terms of public discourse. Although most commentators agree that there is no simple causative relationship, there is certainly a need to better understand how some patterns of drinking intersect with some patterns of violence. This collection of papers is an attempt to contribute to that understanding. |
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International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP) |
Place of Publication |
Washington |
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English |
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50-j |
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54477 |
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Author |
Schütze, Madlen; Boeing, Heiner; Pischon, Tobias; various |
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alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
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British medical journal |
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online first; 04.01.2011 |
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10 |
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cancer; alcohol; social and economic cost of AOD; statistical data; research; Europe; study |
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OBJECTIVE:To compute the burden of cancer attributable to current and former alcohol consumption in eight European countries based on direct relative risk estimates from a cohort study. DESIGN: Combination of prospective cohort study with representative population based data on alcohol exposure. Setting Eight countries (France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Denmark) participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. PARTICIPANTS: 109,118 men and 254,870 women, mainly aged 37-70. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hazard rate ratios expressing the relative risk of cancer incidence for former and current alcohol consumption among EPIC participants. Hazard rate ratios combined with representative information on alcohol consumption to calculate alcohol attributable fractions of causally related cancers by country and sex. Partial alcohol attributable fractions for consumption higher than the recommended upper limit (two drinks a day for men with about 24 g alcohol, one for women with about 12 g alcohol) and the estimated total annual number of cases of alcohol attributable cancer. RESULTS: If we assume causality, among men and women, 10% (95% confidence interval 7 to 13%) and 3% (1 to 5%) of the incidence of total cancer was attributable to former and current alcohol consumption in the selected European countries. For selected cancers the figures were 44% (31 to 56%) and 25% (5 to 46%) for upper aerodigestive tract, 33% (11 to 54%) and 18% (-3 to 38%) for liver, 17% (10 to 25%) and 4% (-1 to 10%) for colorectal cancer for men and women, respectively, and 5.0% (2 to 8%) for female breast cancer. A substantial part of the alcohol attributable fraction in 2008 was associated with alcohol consumption higher than the recommended upper limit: 33,037 of 178,578 alcohol related cancer cases in men and 17,470 of 397,043 alcohol related cases in women. CONCLUSIONS:In western Europe, an important proportion of cases of cancer can be attributable to alcohol consumption, especially consumption higher than the recommended upper limits. These data support current political efforts to reduce or to abstain from alcohol consumption to reduce the incidence of cancer. |
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0959-535x |
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50-11797 |
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59941 |
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Author |
Anderson, Peter; Braddick, Fleur; Reynolds, Jillian; Gual, Antoni |
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Title |
Alcohol policy in Europe : evidence from Amphora |
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2012 |
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125 |
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chemical addiction; licit drug; alcohol; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; binge drinking; social cost of AOD; societal attitude toward AOD; public health; public policy on alcohol; policy recommendations; prevention; harm reduction; treatment and maintenance; adolescent; international area; Europe |
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Amphora alcohol Public Health Research Alliance |
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Barcelona |
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50-12759 |
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56577 |
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Graham, Lesley; Parkes, Tessa; McAuley, Andrew; Doi, Lawrence |
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alcohol problems in the criminal justice system : an opportunity for intervention |
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2012 |
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vii, 18 |
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AODR crime; AODR violence; chemical addiction; alcohol abuse; screening and diagnostic method for AOD use; prison-based health service; treatment and maintenance; AODR interpersonal and societal problems; family; social and economic cost of AOD; health care costs |
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alcohol and crime, especially violent crime, are linked. Many prisoners are incarcerated because of alcoholrelated crime. alcohol is not permitted in prisons except for a very few exceptions, and illicit use of alcohol in prison is not a major problem. Imprisonment does, however, give an opportunity to tackle alcohol problems in prisoners, with the potential for positive effects on their families and friends and a reduction in the risk of re-offending, the costs to society and health inequalities. |
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World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe |
Place of Publication |
Copenhagen |
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50-12881 |
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56589 |
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Science Group of the European Alcohol and Health Forum |
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Title |
Alcohol, work and productivity |
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Report |
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2011 |
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69, appendix |
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AOD use, abuse, and dependence; alcohol; work; workplace AOD policy; workplace context; public health; health promotion; public policy on alcohol; harm reduction; prevention; prevention program; report |
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The European alcohol and Health Forum2 requested in the spring of 2010 the Science Group to provide a summary of the evidence base and advice for possible actions by Forum members to address the Strategy’s goals of preventing alcohol-related harm among adults and reducing the negative impact on the workplace (Annex I). In particular, the Science Group was asked to provide: 1. A quantification of the impact on alcohol on the workplace, and an evaluation of the effects on the productivity of the EU workforce. 2. A concise overview of the current state of play across Europe, highlighting key trends and/or any variations in national or sector experiences as well as between larger or smaller workplace settings. 3. Any pointers towards: (a) High value options for additional research or collection of additional data and indicators; (b) Effective approaches to consider for wider deployment in more workplace settings,including any guidance as to the need for prioritisation of action targeting particular sectoral, professional or age specific groups. The Chair of the Science Group suggested the establishment of a dedicated Working Group to prepare a scientific report on the topic. The Working Group consisted of the following persons: Professor Peter Anderson (chair), Dr. Marjana Martinic, Dr. Anders Romelsjö. The report in Part I deals with items 1 and 3 of the above task requests. The content of the report includes the impact of alcohol on productivity both in work (absenteeism and presenteeism) as well as out of work (unemployment) as these are all related, particularly in times of economic downturn, when workers need to be re integrated back into the workforce. The report in Part II, Approaches to reducing alcohol related harm in the workplace, describes a number of workplace interventions in practice implemented by beverage alcohol producer companies. While workplace interventions are applied across many industries and sectors, these companies were selected because they are members of the alcohol and Health Forum and information about their practices was accessible to the Science group. |
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Science Group of the European alcohol and Health Forum |
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Bruxelles |
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English |
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50-12306 |
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50927 |
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Rehm, Jürgen; Roerecke, Michael; Patra, Jayadeep |
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Alcohol-attributable mortality and burden of disease in Switzerland : epidemiology and recommendations for alcohol policy = Alkohol-bedingte Mortalität und Krankheitslast in der Schweiz : von der Epidemiologie zu empfehlenswerten Massnahmen |
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2006 |
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49 |
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addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; AODR mortality; AODR disability; AOD consumption; alcohol in any form; AOD effects and consequences; cancer; epidemiology; research and evaluation method; general topics in research; Switzerland |
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The aim of this project was to model the impact of alcohol on mortality, years of life lost and burden of disease for Switzerland for the year 2002 in a way, which is compatible with current effort of the World Health Organization (WHO) in alcohol monitoring and surveillance. Thus, the main results for this project follow the methodology of WHO in each point. Key elements of the methodology can be described as follows: • Exposure to alcohol has been estimated based on the Swiss Health Survey where the self-reported data have adjusted for the per capita consumption including unrecorded consumption taken from the WHO Global alcohol Database. • Risk relations were taken from the Comparative Risk Assessment of WHO, which is based on disease-specific meta-analyses for chronic disease categories, and pooled cross-sectional time series analyses for injuries. • Deaths, years of life lost (YLLs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were obtained from the WHO. The steps of the methodology are described in detail to enable replication of the estimates in further years. Results show that Switzerland continues to be a country with a very high level of alcohol consumption compared to international standards and consequently high level of alcoholrelated disease burden: • For the year 2002, alcohol caused more than 2’000 deaths, mostly in man (78%). These are net numbers, where the cardioprotective and other beneficial effects of alcohol have already been taken into account. In total, more than 3.3% of all deaths in the year 2002 in Switzerland were attributable to alcohol (5.2% among men, and 1.4% among women), a higher proportion compared to the surrounding countries. • The largest single disease contributor to alcohol-attributable deaths was liver cirrhosis with more than 600 deaths, but if larger categories were examined, cancer was the largest contributor with more than 1’200 deaths. Ischaemic heart disease was largest contributor alcohol-attributable lives saved, with almost 1’100. • In the year 2002, alcohol caused a net 29’000 years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL), and more than 70’000 net disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Overall, 8.2% of the YLLs in Switzerland (10.5% among men and 4.9% among men) were net attributable to alcohol, as well as 8.8% of DALYs (12.9% among men and 4.2% among men). Again, these proportions were higher than surrounding countries, mainly because of the higher proportions for women. • For DALYs, neuropsychiatric disorders, especially alcohol use disorders are the most important disease category. alcohol use disorders are less fatal than other chronic diseases, but in summary measures such as DALYs they are main contributors because of their high prevalence combined with their marked impact on disability. Given the high burden of disease attributable to alcohol, even in comparison with the surrounding countries, prevention and policy measures should be taken to reduce this burden. Clearly, the overall level of consumption should be reduced, and taxation and other proven cost-effective measures are available to achieve this reduction, including but not limited to restrictions in availability and marketing/advertisements. Moreover, specific measures should be taken to reduce the alcohol-attributable disease among women and young adults. Ziel des Projekts war die Schätzung der Zahl alkoholbedingter Todesfälle, verlorener Lebensjahre und Krankheitslast in der Schweiz im Jahr 2002. Die gegenwärtig von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation WHO unternommenen Schritte beim Monitoring von Alkoholfolgen sind in allen Stufen vollkommen vergleichbar zur hier eingesetzten Methodik. Die wichtigsten methodischen Details sind: • Alkoholkonsum als die Einflussvariable wurde aufgrund der Daten der jüngst verfügbaren Schweizerischen Gesundheitsbefragung operationalisiert, wobei der selbstberichtete Konsum aber adjustiert wurde anhand der offiziellen pro-Kopf Verkaufsmengen von Alkohol zuzüglich Schätzungen des nicht versteuerten Alkoholverkaufs. • Die Stärke des Zusammenhangs zwischen Konsum und Schadensfolgen wurde übernommen aus den Schätzungen der Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) Studie der WHO. Die CRA-Studie benutzte für diese Schätzung krankheitsspezifische Meta-Analysen für langfristige Folgen (chronische Krankheiten) und spezielle Techniken zur Zeitreihenanalyse über mehrere Länder hinweg bei der Bestimmung kurzfristiger (Unfall-)Folgen. • Todesfälle, verlorene Lebensjahre und für Funktionseinschränkungen adjustierte Lebensjahre (disability-adjusted life years =DALYs) wurden aus den Datenbanken der WHO übernommen. Durch die detaillierte Beschreibung jedes einzelnen Schrittes der Schätzmethode wird eine Wiederholung der Schätzungen in späteren Jahren möglich sein, was für künftige Vergleiche essenziell ist. Die Schweiz zeigt sich im internationalen Vergleich weiterhin als ein Land mit sehr hohem Alkoholkonsum. Deshalb weist sie auch ein hohes Ausmass von alkoholbedingter Krankheitslast auf: • Im Jahr 2002 sind mehr als 2’000 Todesfälle dem Alkoholkonsum zuzurechnen, die meisten davon betreffen Männer (78%). Diese Zahlen berücksichtigen als Nettoschätzung bereits die kardioprotektiven und anderen positiven Auswirkungen mässigen Alkoholkonsums auf manche Krankheiten. Insgesamt waren gut 3.3% der Todesfälle in der Schweiz alkoholbedingt (bei Männern 5.2%, bei Frauen 1.4%). Dies ist ein jeweils höherer Prozentsatz als in den angrenzenden Nachbarländern. • Leberzirrhose ist mit mehr als 600 alkoholbedingten Todesfällen die wichtigste spezifische Einzeldiagnose unter den alkoholbedingten Todesfällen. Bei Betrachtung von breiter gefassten Diagnosegruppen sind Krebserkrankungen mit gut 1’200 Todesfällen die wichtigste Todesursache. Ischämische Herzkrankheiten sind die grösste Gruppe bei den durch Alkoholkonsum verhinderten Todesfällen (1’100 Fälle). • Im Jahr 2002 bedeutete der Alkoholkonsum in der Schweiz netto 29’000 verlorene Lebensjahre und mehr als 70’000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). 8.2% aller verlorenen Lebensjahre in der Schweiz im Jahre 2002 waren alkoholbedingt (10.5% bei den Männern und 4.9% bei den Frauen). Bei der gesamten Krankheitslast (gemessen in DALYs) sind 8.8% durch den Alkoholkonsum bedingt gewesen (12.9% bei den Männern und 4.2% bei den Frauen). Auch diese Anteile waren in der Schweiz höher als in den benachbarten Ländern, vorwiegend aufgrund einer relativ höheren Belastung bei den Schweizer Frauen. • Neuropsychiatrische Diagnosen, insbesondere Alkoholkrankheiten wie Abhängigkeit, Alkoholpsychosen oder Alkoholmissbrauch, stellen hinsichtlich der alkoholbedingten Krankheitslast (DALYs) den grössten Anteil. Alkoholkrankheiten verlaufen seltener tödlich als andere chronische Krankheiten. Aber im Rahmen von Gesundheitsindikatoren mit einem breiteren Ansatz, die nicht nur auf Mortalität fussen, sind sie besonders grosse Einflussfaktoren, weil sie einerseits in der Bevölkerung sehr weit verbreitet sind und weil sie andererseits zu Krankheiten mit schwerwiegenden Krankheitsfolgen führen. Angesichts der absolut, aber auch im Vergleich mit den benachbarten Ländern sehr hohen alkoholbedingten Krankheitslast sollten gesundheitspolitische Massnahmen insbesondere zur Prävention ergriffen werden. Erstes Ziel wäre dabei die Reduktion des hohen Gesamtkonsums. Massnahmen wie höhere Besteuerung von Alkoholika, Beschränkungen der Verfügbarkeit, sowie Einschränkung von Werbung und Verkaufsförderung haben ihre Wirksamkeit bewiesen und sind kosteneffektiv. Angesichts der spezifischen epidemiologischen Situation in der Schweiz sollten auch speziellen Massnahmen für Frauen und junge Erwachsene ergriffen werden. |
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Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction (ISGF); Institut für Sucht- und Gesundheitsforschung (ISGF); World Health Organization (WHO), Collaboration Centre for Addiction |
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Zurich; Zürich |
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English; German |
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Zusammenfassung auch auf Deutsch, Inhalt nur auf Englisch |
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12.01.01-022 |
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55934 |
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