various. (2011). Drugnet Europe No. 75 : Survey results: youth attitudes to drugs : Mapping GPS questionnaires : Prevention science award for EMCDDA staff member : Forum on new drugs – reflections and conclusions : Stakeholders have their say on EU funding : IPA 3 project progresses in Albania : Participate in our Drugnet Europe survey : EMCDDA Scientific Committee elects new Chair and Vice-chair. Drugnet Europe : newsletter of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 16(75; 07/2011), 8.
Keywords: monitoring; drug market; illicit drug industry; drug trafficking; AOD supply; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; prevention; designer drug; research chemical; general population survey; research; prevention research; adolescent; public opinion on AOD; cooperation; international area; Europe; Albania; Malta; newsletter
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various. (2011). Drugnet Europe No. 74 : Over 40 new drugs reported in 2010 : HIV in the European region: unity and diversity : Mapping “drug squads” in Europe : Feature: Khat use in Europe – implications for European policy : Technical expert seminar on “threshold quantities” for drug offences : Turkish-German twinning project success : New EMCDDA products and services : EMCDDA to acknowledge excellence in scientific writing. Drugnet Europe : newsletter of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 16(74; 04/2011), 8.
Keywords: designer drug; research chemical; HIV infection; monitoring; epidemiology; adolescent; AOD supply; law enforcement; drug trafficking; khat in any form; prison; health; cooperation; international area; Europe; newsletter
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various. (2011). Drugnet Europe No. 73 : Wastewater analysis, an emerging science : Monitoring illicit drug supply in Europe : Policies and clinical; practices in the treatment of cannabis-related problems : 2011 work programme – in step with today's drugs problem : Poland passes new law to control 'head shops' and 'legal highs' : Cooperation with Europe's closest neighbours : New EMCDDA products and services : Scientific Committee: 'EMCDDA work programme grows in strength and quality'. Drugnet Europe : newsletter of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 16(73; 01/2011), 8.
Keywords: addiction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; epidemiology; physical and chemical analysis and measurement; mephedrone; monitoring; illicit drug; AOD supply; cannabis; alcohol; treatment and maintenance; internet; health; prison; prevention research; cooperation; law; international area; Europe; newsletter
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(1993). Heroinabhängigkeit : Kann Naltrexon den Rückfall verhindern? Medical tribune : internationale Wochenzeitung : Ausgabe für die Schweiz, 16(23.04.1993), 16.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance
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Äschbacher, M., Brigger, R., Eichenberger, M., Hämmig, R., Lander, B., Linder, R., et al. (1990). Spritzenabgabe : Grundlagen, Argumentationen, praktische Lösungsansätze. Drogenmagazin, 16(1), 13–19.
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Soriano, V., Sulkowski, M., Bergin, C., Hatzakis, A., Cacoub, P., Katlama, C., et al. (2002). Care of patients with chronic hepatitis C and HIV co-infection: recommendations from the HIV-HCV international Panel. Aids, 16, 813–828.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C; HIV infection; Aids
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Storbjörk, J., & Room, R. (2008). The two worlds of alcohol problems : who is in treatment and who is not? Addiction Research and Theory, 16(1; 02/2008), 67–84.
Abstract: In the study “Women and Men in Swedish alcohol and Drug Treatment,” it is possible to compare alcohol consumption and problems among respondents in the general population with those in clients entering alcohol treatment. The differences between these groups have led researchers to talk about the “two worlds” of alcohol problems-in general and in clinical populations. The aim of this article is to study the relative strength of factors in predicting entering and the clinical population. The studied factors are demographics and marginalization; volume and frequency of drinking; alcohol dependence; social response to drinking (suggestions to cut down or seek treatment by informal actors, e.g. family and friends, and formal actors such as employer, the social services or judicial system); and treatment history. The client sample includes 1202 clients (71% men) interviewed face-to-face when entering inpatient and outpatient treatment facilities in Stockholm. In the general population survey, 3557 persons aged 18-75 years were interviewed. The two samples differ significantly. As expected, clients were older, more marginalized and reported more severe alcohol problems, and many reported previous treatment experiences and social responses. Logistic regression analyses show that previous treatment, unemployment/institutionalization and having an unstable living situation are the strongest predictors of who is in treatment, followed by age, alcohol dependence and frequency of drinking. Formal pressures to cut down or seek treatment are also important and males are more likely to be in treatment. The results support a notion of the treatment system as a place for handling marginalized people, beyond and beside their extent of drinking.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; inpatient care; outpatient care; AOD consumption; AOD use pattern; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; social support; family support; statistical data; Sweden; Stockholm
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Nordlund, S. (2008). What is alcohol abuse? : changes in Norwegians' perceptions of drinking practices since the 1960s. Addiction Research and Theory, 16(1; 02/2008), 85–94.
Abstract: The aims of this study is to demonstrate how perceptions of the concept of “alcohol abuse” have changed over time and to delineate variations among sub-groups of the Norwegian population. An initial survey was conducted in 1964 in 10 Norwegian cities. Follow-up surveys were conducted in 1989 and 2006 based on national, representative samples. From these samples presumably comparable sub-samples have been selected. The respondents characterised 18 different drinking situations as “abuse”, “not abuse” or “doubt”. The 18 drinking situations were constructed based on combinations of three degrees of drinking frequencies, three degrees of intoxication and two degrees of sociability. The different combinations were presented to the respondents on cards, and in a random order. Norwegians’ perceptions of alcohol consumption have undergone major changes, particularly with respect to perceptions of what constitutes “alcohol abuse”. In general, views have become more liberal and permissive. A shift in perceptions since 1964 was already manifest or: evident in 1989, but this has developed further in the same direction since then. The more people drink, the more liberal are their views on what is “alcohol abuse”? This applies both on individual and aggregated levels. Perceptions of drinking practices, especially of “alcohol abuse”, have shifted with the change in average alcohol consumption. The higher general consumption the more drinking is allow before it is perceived as abuse. This is probably a reciprocal process with no specific causal direction, but obviously influenced by external factors, such as economic and cultural globalisation, tourism and generally more liberal views on many other facets of society and social life.
Keywords: AOD consumption; chemical addiction; alcohol abuse; AOD intoxication; societal attitude toward AOD; Norway
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McIntosh, J., Bloor, M., & Robertson, M. (2008). Drug treatment and the achievement of paid employment. Addiction Research and Theory, 16(1; 02/2008), 37–45.
Abstract: The aim of this article is to identify which aspects of drug treatment are most closely associated with recovering drug users’ ability to obtain paid employment. Based on a cohort study of 1033 individuals, this article reports on a logistic regression analysis of the factors associated with the achievement of paid employment 33 months after the initiation of treatment for drug dependency. While the results show a close relationship between the cessation of illegal drug use and individuals’ ability to obtain paid employment, they also show that abstaining from drug use is unlikely to be successful on its own. The factor that showed the strongest independent association with the achievement of paid employment was the receipt of employment-related assistance. The study’s findings are, therefore, strongly supportive of the provision of employment support programmes as the most important mechanism for helping recovering drug users to obtain employment.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; illicit drug; vocational rehabilitation; employment; AOD abstinence; United Kingdom
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Bogren, A. (2008). Women's intoxication as dual licentiousness : an exploration of gendered images of drinking and intoxication in Sweden. Addiction Research and Theory, 16(1; 02/2008), 95–106.
Abstract: In this article, it is suggested that an important cultural image of intoxication in some Western societies appears to be ’intoxication as ecstasy’, intoxication as escape from the everyday into a ’wild’ and ’natural’ state. The purpose of this article is to discuss this cultural image and its link to gendered ideas about sexuality and, on the basis of this discussion, to develop a hypothesis for further testing. The hypothesis developed proposes that women – via the cultural linking of their sexuality to biological processes of reproduction – are placed closer to nature than men. This makes women’s drinking and intoxication seem more dangerous than men’s, because drinking and intoxication would seem to make women come even closer to nature. It is suggested that women’s ’dual licentiousness’ threatens the distinction between nature and culture.
Keywords: gender; woman; sexuality; AOD use; AOD consumption; chemical addiction; alcohol intoxication; societal attitude toward AOD; Sweden
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