Giroud, C., Broillet, A., Augsburger, M., Menetrey, A., Bernhard, W., Rivier, L., et al. (1999). “Cannabis sativa ssp. helvetica” ou le roman feuilleton du cannabis en Suisse. Toxicorama, 11(1), 51–58.
Keywords: cannabis; marijuana in any form; laws and regulations; tetrahydrocannabinol; Switzerland
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Valleur, M., & Velea, D. (2002). Les addictions sans drogue(s). Revue Toxibase, 11(6; 06/2002), 1–15.
Abstract: La définition du concept d’addiction apparaît de plus en plus difficile à cerner. Des toxicomanies à l’alcoolisme et au tabagisme, en passant par le jeu pathologique, les achats compulsifs, la sexualité et certains troubles du comportement… jusqu’à l’addiction, pourtant si peu virtuelle des cyberdépendants, on peut se demander quel est le point commun des addictions sans drogue et tout d’abord s’il existe. Ce questionnement est incontournable pour bâtir des stratégies de prévention et d’intervention médico-sociale adaptées. Il a également pour conséquence de penser les addictions en terme de conduite des sujets plutôt qu’une approche à partir des produits psychotropes. Ce thema de Toxibase propose d’entamer le débat à partir d’une vision conceptuelle des addictions sans drogue et d’une description nosographique et sociale de chacune d’entre elles.
Keywords: pathological gambling; prevention; disorder classification; intervention (persuasion to treatment); nonchemical addiction; eating disorder; behavioral and mental disorder
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Lenton, S., Kerry, K., Loxley, W., Tan-Quigley, A., & Greig, R. (2000). Citizens who inject drugs : the “Fitpack” study. International journal of drug policy, 11(4), 285–297.
Abstract: Most injecting drug users have never been in drug treatment yet much research is done on samples with high treatment rates drawn from agency and peer recruited populations. This study accessed drug injectors with little or no prior drug treatment, described their characteristics, BBVI risk behaviours and feedback on services. Its results challenge some stereotypes about citizens who inject drugs. A sample of 511 ’hidden’ drug injectors, of whom only 28.7% had any specialist drug treatment agency contact, completed a questionnaire which was distributed with ’Fitpack’ needle packs sold through community pharmacies in WA. The mean age of respondents was 26.2 years, 43.4% were women, 44.3% were living with their sexual partner, 41.7% were parents, and 46.4% were employed, mostly in full time work. In the previous month 61.2% had injected less frequently than daily. The study accessed a diverse group of drug injectors not typically seen in agency and peer recruited research. They provided useful feedback about how harm reduction strategies among injectors can be improved. However, they also reported higher rates of injecting and sharing than found previously in traditionally recruited samples of injectors, which suggests there is no room for complacency regarding the potential for blood-borne viral infection (BBVI) transmission in this group.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; intravenous drug user; hidden population; harm reduction; Australia
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Vogt, I. (2009). Lebenslagen und Gesundheit älterer Drogenabhängiger : Ein Literaturbericht = Life situations and health of older drug addicts : a literature report. Suchttherapie : Prävention, Behandlung, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen, 10(1; 02/2009), 17–24.
Keywords: AOD dependence; chemical addiction; old age; elderly; drug dependent; risk; health; communicable disease; HIV infection; AODR disorder; woman; treatment and maintenance; drug substitution therapy; literature review; Germany
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Pierre, J. M. (2011). Cannabis, synthetic cannabinoids, and psychosis risk : What the evidence says. Current Psychiatry, 10(9), 49–57.
Abstract: Over the past 50 years, anecdotal reports linking cannabis sativa (marijuana) and psychosis have been steadily accumulating, giving rise to the notion of “cannabis psychosis.” Despite this historic connection, marijuana often is regarded as a “soft drug” with few harmful effects. However, this benign view is now being revised, along with mounting research demonstrating a clear association between cannabis and psychosis. In this article, I review evidence on marijuana’s impact on the risk of developing psychotic disorders, as well as the potential contributions of “medical” marijuana and other legally available products containing synthetic cannabinoids to psychosis risk.
Keywords: risk factors; schizophrenia; etiology; cannabis; study
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Schaub, M., & Stohler, R. (2010). Traitement de la dépendance à la cocaïne : une entreprise multimodale. Schweizerisches Medizin-Forum = Forum médical suisse = Swiss medical forum, 10(25; 06/2010), 437–440.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; cocaine; drug therapy; psychosocial treatment method; behavior therapy; cognitive therapy; Switzerland; United States
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Schaub, M., & Stohler, R. (2010). Behandlung der Kokainabhängigkeit : ein multimodales Unterfangen. Schweizerisches Medizin-Forum = Forum médical suisse = Swiss medical forum, 10(25; 06/2010), 437–440.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; cocaine; drug therapy; psychosocial treatment method; behavior therapy; cognitive therapy; Switzerland; United States
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Stark, K., Muller, R., Bienzle, U., & Guggenmoos-Holzmann, I. (1996). Frontloading: a risk factor for HIV and hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in Berlin. Aids, 10, 311.317.
Abstract: Objective: To determine whether frontloading (i.e., syringe-mediated drug-sharing) is a risk factor for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injecting drug users (IDU). Design: Cross-sectional study. Data on sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics were obtained by a standardized questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for seromarkers for HIV, HBV and HCV. Setting and participants: IDU were recruited at ’low-threshold’ storefront agencies (out-of-treatment sample), and at a centre for long-term drug use treatment (in-treatment sample). Individuals were included in the study if they had injected drugs within the previous 3 months. Main outcome measures: Serological evidence for HIV, HBV, HCV exposure. Results: Of all IDU (n = 324), 84% had ever practised frontloading with non-sterile injecting equipment, and 46% had done so more than 100 times; 32% had front-loaded during the 6 months prior to the interview. The crude seroprevalence rates for HIV, HBV and HCV increased with the overall frequency of frontloading, and reached 22, 71 and 94%, respectively, among IDU who had frontloaded more than 100 times. After controlling for confounding effects by logistic regression, having practised front-loading more than 100 times was significantly associated with HIV infection [adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-9], and HCV infection (adjusted POR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.3-12), but not with HBV infection. Another independent risk factor for all three virus infections was needle-sharing in prison. Conclusions: In communities where sterile injection equipment is readily available, and IDU have substantially reduced their overall levels of needle-sharing, the practice of frontloading appears to be a major risk factor for infections by blood-borne viruses among IDU. Prevention activities should specifically address this risk behaviour.
Keywords: health promotion
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Coppola, R. C., Manconi, P. E., Piro, R., Di Martino, M. L., & Masia, G. (1994). HCV, HIV, HBV and HDV infections in intravenous drug addicts. European Journal of Epidemiology, 10, 279–283.
Abstract: Hepatitis viruses and the acquired immunodeficiency viruses often infect intravenous drug addicts (IVDAs). Our study includes 255 IVDAs (26 females and 229 males, aged 20–35 years) from Cagliari. Of 255 subjects examined, 207 (81.1%) were positive for anti-HCV and 84 (32.9%) for anti-HIV. Nineteen (7.4%) subjects were HBsAg carriers, and 12 of these (63%) had an HDV super-infection. Markers of previous HBV infections were tested in 223 cases and 137 (61.4%) were found positive; of these 14 (10.2%) also had HDV infection. Of the 223 drug addicts examined for all infection markers, 18 (8%) were negative to all markers, 46 (20.6%) were positive to only one, 89(39.9%) were positive to two, 64 (28.7%) to three and 6 (2.6%) were positive to all. Subjects with a single infection were significantly fewer than those with multiple infections. The correlations studied among the various markers did not point out any statistically significant associations. Even so, a previous HBV infection was more common while active HBV/HDV infections were less common among subjects with anti-HCV; HDV infection was more common among HIV-positive subjects. In HBsAg carriers neither HBV-DNA nor HCV-RNA was detected; HCV-RNA was found more frequently in anti-HIV positive subjects than in subjects with the anti-HCV isolate.
Keywords: health promotion; HIV infection; Aids
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Stöver, H., Schneider, W., Lochmann, R., Zurhold, H., & Kalke, J. (2002). Akzeptanz : Schwerpunkt : Selbsthilfe/Selbsthilfeorganisation : 1/2002 (Vol. 10). Münster: Akzept.
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