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Leshel-Hauzeneder, M. (2003). Sonderbericht Hepatitis C : Hepatitis-C-Infektionen ausheilen : Pegyliertes lnterferon -alfa- 2a schafft neue Perspektiven in Deutschland. MMW : Fortschritte der Medizin, 145(26), 52–53.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C
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Böttcher-Bühler, E., & Szostecki, C. (2002). Sonderbericht Chronische Hepatitis C : Pegyliertes Interferon U-2a : Lebensqualitat steigt bei erfolgreicher Therapie deutlich an. MMW : Fortschritte der Medizin, 144(48), 52–53.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis; hepatitis C
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Hadziyannis, S. J., Sette, H., Morgan, T. R., Vijayan, B., Diago, M., Marcellin, P., et al. (2004). Peginterfreon-α2a and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C : a randomized study of treatment duration and ribavirin dose. Annals of internal medecine, 140(5; 02.03.2004), 346–357.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis
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Michaud, P. - A., Berchtold, A., Jeannin, A., Chossis, I., & Suris, J. - C. (2006). Secular trends in legal and illegal substance use among 16-20-year-old adolescents in Switzerland. Swiss Medical Weekly, 136(19-20; 13.05.2006), 318–326.
Abstract: Background: Data targeting trends in legal and illegal substance use by adolescents are scarce. Using the data from two similar large national surveys run in 1993 and 2002, this paper assesses secular trends in rates of substance use among 16-20-year-old Swiss adolescents. Methods: Self-reported regular use of tobacco, alcohol misuse, regular cannabis use (01 occasion over last 30 days) and lifetime use of psychoactive medication, LSD, ecstasy, cocaine and heroine were assessed through identical questions using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. 9268 (1993) and 7428 (2002) high school students and apprentices were included in the analyses. Results: There is a higher proportion of regular smokers among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Between 1993 and 2002 the increase in regular tobacco consumption was significant among both female and male apprentices (p <0.001) but not among students. Between 1993 and 2002 alcohol misuse significantly increased in all four groups (p <0.001). It is more prevalent among males than among females (p <0.001) and higher among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Regular use of cannabis has increased in the four groups (p <0.0001). It is higher among males than among females (p <0.001), while it is largely the same among students and apprentices. While the increase in ecstasy use is highly significant in all four groups (p <0.001), the increase in LSD and cocaine use is significant among apprentices only (p <0.001). Use of LSD, ecstasy and cocaine is more prevalent among males than among females (<0.001) and higher among apprentices than among students (p <0.001). Conclusion: The secular increase in psychoactive substance use among older Swiss adolescents calls for the implementation of effective strategies both from individual and public health viewpoints.
Keywords: adolescent; student; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; psychoactive substances; alcohol; tobacco in any form; illicit drug; cannabis; LSD; ecstasy; cocaine; heroin; statistical data; Switzerland
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Egli, D. (1999). The Swiss heroin policy. SJES, 135(2), 187–206.
Abstract: The Swiss heroin policy is compared to a theoretically derived rational drug policy. It is argued that, although being one of the most liberal policies worldwide, the Swiss policy still is too repressive. A further legalization of heroin would most probably be welfare enhancing.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; heroin; opioid contaminant; opioids in any form; heroin-assisted treatment; laws and regulations; policy recommendations; Switzerland
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Waldvogel, D., Figner, B., & Eich, D. (2005). Illicit methadone injecting during methadone maintenance treatment in a specialised out-patient clinic. Swiss Medical Weekly, 135(43-44; 29.10.2005), 644–646.
Abstract: Aim: The injection of non-sterile methadone designed for oral consumption is associated with serious health risks. There is only a small number of studies on this topic, with divergent results. The main aim of the present study was to obtain data on the frequency of methadone injecting in a state out-patient clinic specialised in substance use disorders. Methods: Eighty patients in methadone maintenance treatment were interviewed with a short questionnaire. Mean age was 32 years, 76% were male, mean methadone dose was 55 mg. Results: Twenty-six patients (32%) indicated having injected methadone at least once in their life. Only four patients (5%) reported having injected methadone within the preceding month (mean dose 56 mg). All four had injected additional substances during this month. Conclusions: Frequency rates appeared low compared with other studies despite a generous take-away policy. The results suggest an association between methadone injecting and a more general tendency to inject substances.
Keywords: methadone; intravenous injection; AOD abuse; harm reduction; prevalence
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Liechti, M. E., Kunz, I., & Kupferschmidt, H. (2005). Acute medical problems due to ecstasy use : case-series of emergency department visits. Swiss Medical Weekly, 135(43-44; 29.10.2005), 652–657.
Abstract: Study aim: To describe the clinical characteristics of Ecstasy (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) toxicity. Methods: Retrospective case-study of 52 selfreported Ecstasy intoxications presenting to our Emergency Department (ED) between January 2001 and December 2003. Results: Most patients ingested Ecstasy together with other substances, including alcohol (51.9%) or other illicit drugs (71.1%). Medical problems leading to ED presentation were collapse or loss of consciousness (36.5%), palpitations (19.2%), dizziness or weakness (15.4%), and anxiety (13.5%). When other drugs were used in combination with Ecstasy the clinical presentation significantly changed. Panic reactions were observed in 4 of 13 patients with cocaine co-use (30.7%), compared to 3 of 39 patients without cocaine use (7.7%). Deep coma was found in 11 of 16 patients with co-use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) or opiates (68.8%) but in none of the 36 patients who took Ecstasy without these drugs. Most patients were monitored in the ED. Six patients (11.5%) were transferred to an intensive care unit. Medical complications were severe in five patients and included cardiac arrest, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal insufficiency and liver failure, seizures, and one fatal outcome. Conclusions: The clinical picture of Ecstasy related problems is complicated by multiple drug ingestion. Co-use of cocaine induces panic reactions. Co-use of GHB or opiates results in depressed levels of consciousness.
Keywords: AOD abuse; ecstasy; MDMA; AOD intoxication
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Daeppen, J. - B. (2003). Screening and brief alcohol interventions in trauma centres. Swiss Medical Weekly, 133(37-38; 26.09.2003), 495–500.
Abstract: A third of all trauma beds are occupied by patients injured while under the influence of alcohol, yet trauma centres currently treat the injury and ignore the underlying alcohol problem. The incorporation of brief interventions to motivate patients to reduce alcohol intake has been associated with a reduction of their drinking and a resultant decrease in health care costs. While trauma centres are ideally situated for alcohol screening, interventions, and referral, the efficacy of such a program should be confirmed and the strategies for its optimal implementation in the routine practise of care should be further evaluated.
Keywords: alcohol; brief intervention; trauma center; injury; screening and diagnostic method for AOD use
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Caduff, F. (1997). Psychiatrische Zwangsmedikation in der Schweiz : Gesetzgebung und Realität anhand einiger Fälle aus der Praxis. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift = Journal suisse de médecine, 127(14; 05.04.1997), 585–596.
Abstract: Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die bestehenden oder geforderten gesetzlichen Regelungen der medikamentösen Zwangsbehandlung in der Psychiatrie, und zwar aus supranationaler, internationaler und schweizerischer Sicht. Ausgehend von Fallbeispielen werden anschliessend vier exemplarische Situationen beschrieben, bei denen regelmässig eine psychiatrische Zwangsmedikation diskutiert wird. Es handelt sich um die Behandlung gegen einen destruktiven Willen, um die Behandlung bei fehlendem Willen, um die Behandlung gegen einen sozial störenden Willen und um die Langzeitbehandlung gegen einen chronisch destruktiven Willen. Daraus werden einige Vorschläge zur – aus der Sicht des Praktikers – sinnvollen gesetzlichen Regelung der Zwangsmedikation in der Schweiz abgeleitet. We discuss the existing or desiderated legal basis for forced medical treatment in psychiatry, in the light of supranational, international and Swiss law. Four situations in which forced medical treatment may occur are described and illustrated with case reports. A distinction is drawn between treatment against a destructive will, treatment against lack of will, treatment against an antisocial will, and long-term treatment against a chronic destructive will. Finally, proposals for improved Swiss legislation on forced psychopharmacological treatment are discussed.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; psychiatric care; drug therapy; laws and regulations; legal regulation; legal rights; international area; Switzerland
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Truan, P., Gmel, G., François, Y., & Janin, B. (1997). Dépistage de consommations problématiques d'alcool dans la population suisse: comparaison entre un instrument développé par l'ISPA et le questionnaire CAGE. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift = Journal suisse de médecine, 127(18), 753–761.
Abstract: En 1987, l’Institut suisse de prévention de l’alcoolisme et autres toxicomanies (ISPA) a développé une série de questions relatives aux problèmes d’alcool au sein de la population générale. Le but principal de cet article est d’étudier le comportement de ce questionnaire comme instrument de dépistage de consommations problématiques _dans la population helvétique en le comparant au CAGE. L’étude porte sur 953 personnes de 20 ans et plus. Parmi les buveurs, le test ISPA est positif pour 91 hommes (21,7%) et 34 femmes (8,70/0) et le CAGE pour 53 hommes (12,70/0) et 17 femmes (4,3%). Mieux que le CAGE, le test ISPA permet de dépister les buveurs problématiques consommant régulièrement de façon soutenue, mais sans excès ponctuels. La question “eyeopener” du CAGE s’avère trop abrupte pour la population générale suisse et pourrait être supprimée. Les femmes nient beaucoup plus leurs problèmes d’alcool que les hommes. Une consommation occasionnellement excessive augmente le risque d’avoir un test positif. En conclusion, dans la population suisse, le test ISPA est plus adapté à l’évaluation du nombre de consommateurs problématiques que le CAGE, développé pour être utilisé par le milieu médical américain. De plus, les résultats suggèrent l’utilisation de seuils critiques différents pour chaque sexe.
Keywords: AOD consumption; AOD abuse; screening and diagnostic method for AOD use; alcohol; statistical data; Switzerland; study
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