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Müller, Sabina |
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Title |
Global approach to controlling the tobacco epidemic |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Spectra : prevention and health promotion |
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57; 07/2006 |
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3 |
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prevention program; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; tobacco in any form; public health; public policy on health; legislation; international area; Switzerland |
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English |
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Auch auf Deutsch vorhanden; aussi disponible en français |
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50-aaah |
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59563 |
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Author |
Ernst, Marie-Louise |
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Title |
Séminaires : Les dépendances ont un sexe... de quel genre? |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Spectra : prévention et promotion de la santé |
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57; 07/2006 |
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8 |
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gender; woman; man; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; conference; Switzerland |
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Auch auf Deutsch vorhanden |
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50-aaag |
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59562 |
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Author |
Ernst, Marie-Louise |
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Tagung : Frau Sucht Mann, Mann Sucht Frau |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Spectra : Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention |
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57; 07/2006 |
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8 |
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gender; woman; man; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; conference; Switzerland |
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German |
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Aussi disponible en français |
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50-aaaf |
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59561 |
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Author |
Ullmann, Rainer |
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Title |
Geschichte der ärztlichen Verordnung von Opioiden an Abhängige |
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2001 |
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Suchttherapie : Prävention, Behandlung, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen |
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2 |
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Supplement 1; 11/2001 |
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20-27 |
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AOD dependence; opioids in any form; iatrogenic disorder; morphine; treatment and maintenance; comorbidity; methadone maintenance; inpatient care; prohibition (AOD public policy); drug substitution therapy |
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Es gab nie eine wissenschaftliche Begründung dafür, Opiaterhaltungstherapien zu verbieten. Opiaterhaltungstherapien (nicht Substitutionsbehandlungen) waren Standard bis in die 20er Jahre, weil die meisten Opiatabhängigen Abstinenz zu einem willkürlichen Zeitpunkt nicht erreichen konnten. Nach allgemeiner medizinischer Auffassung benötigen einige Patienten dauernd Opiate. Ein Teil der Morphinabhängigen der 20er Jahre war den Heroinabhängigen des letzten Drittels des 20. Jh. sehr ähnlich. Gerade bei dieser Gruppe hatten Entwöhnungsbehandlungen schlechte Ergebnisse, und Ärzte waren wenig interessiert, diese „Psychopathen” zu behandeln. 1919 wurden in den USA und 1926 in Deutschland Opiaterhaltungstherapien verboten. Nach dem 2. Weltkrieg wurden die Ärzte vollständig aus der Behandlung Heroinabhängiger gedrängt, der ärztliche Gedanke der Schadensminderung galt nicht mehr. Behandlung war jetzt eine Mischung von Erziehung, Sozio- und Psychotherapie, bei der psychiatrische Begleitkrankheiten meist nicht angemessen behandelt wurden. Nach anfänglich euphorischer Betrachtung zeigten langfristige Katamnesen, dass die Behandlungsergebnisse so schlecht waren wie 50 Jahre zuvor. Wegen der HIV-Epidemie setzte sich das ärztliche Konzept der Schadensminderung seit Beginn der 90er Jahre langsam wieder durch. Jetzt sind Substitutionsbehandlungen (Ersatz des illegalisierten Heroins durch langwirkende Opioide in Dosierungen möglichst ohne pharmakologische Wirkung) die Standardbehandlung. Sie sind allerdings nach den Kriterien der sog. Abstinenzbehandlung und nach den staatlichen Kontrollbedürfnissen reglementiert. Das Verbot der Erhaltungstherapien hat nicht zu einer Verringerung der Zahl der Opioidabhängigen geführt, sondern zu einer Zunahme auf etwa das 50fache. Die Sterblichkeit und das HIV-und Hepatitisinfektionsrisiko sind auf das 50-100fache – verglichen mit der übrigen Bevölkerung – erhöht. History of Medical Maintenance of Opiate Dependents: There was never a scientific reason to prohibit opiate maintenance treatment. Opiate maintenance treatment (not the substitution of morphine or heroin through another opioid) was the standard treatment until the twenties. It was a general medical opinion that most of the opiate addicts could not remain abstinent at any arbitrary time and that some addicts would always need opiates. There was hardly any difference in the behaviour and appearance of a subgroup of morphine addicts from the twenties and the heroin addicts of today. Especially in this subgroup detoxification and residential treatment showed poor results. Medical doctors were not interested in treating those „psychopaths”. In 1919 the Supreme Court in the USA and in 1926 the „Reichsgericht” prohibited opiate maintenance treatment. After World War II the physicians were entirely pushed out of the treatment of heroin addicts. Treatment was now a mixture of education, socio- and psychotherapy. Harm reduction was not allowed any more. There was no appropriate treatment for psychiatric co-morbidity. At the beginning they were very euphoric about the results of this treatment, but long term follow-up showed no better results than 50 years prior. The HIV-epidemic led to a renaissance of the medical concept of harm reduction during the last 10 years. Now the standard treatment is the substitution of the illegal heroin through long-acting opioids given in a dose not showing any pharmacological effect. However this treatment is not regulated according to medical science but to the goverment´s wish to control opiates. Prohibition of maintenance treatment led to an increase in the number of addicts, the risk of death, HIV- and hepatitis- infection of addicts up to 50 times. |
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1439-9903 |
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Call Number |
50-aaae |
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59560 |
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Author |
Reynaud, Jérôme |
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Title |
Réduction des risques, représentations sociales et élus locaux |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
SWAPS : Santé réduction des risques usages de drogues |
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5 |
Issue |
21; 04/2001 |
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3 |
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Keywords |
harm reduction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; illicit drug; drug user; history; public policy; France |
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Abstract |
La politique de réduction des risques a aujourd’hui plus de dix ans en France. Nous sommes d’ailleurs bien loin des premières actions «marginales», pour ne pas dire marginalisées, engagées à la fin des années 80 par quelques associations pionnières en la matière. Le paysage institutionnel et associatif s’est progressivement structuré, les méthodes se sont affinées et les outils multipliés. Sans vouloir crier victoire trop tôt, ce retard si spécifique qui frappait si durement les usagers de drogues injectables de l’hexagone semble en partie comblé et c’est avec surprise que nous nous retrouvons même, dans certains domaines, moteur d’une Europe étonnée de nos propres contradictions. |
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1277-7870 |
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50-aaad |
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59559 |
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Author |
Zimmermann, Nadine |
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Title |
Das Bundesgericht stellt die Weichen |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
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ZeSo : Zeitschrift für Sozialhilfe |
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Volume |
105 |
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2; 06/2008 |
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36-37 |
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jurisdiction; family; relative (related person); social support; family support; financial problems; Switzerland; commentary |
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Zum umstrittenen Thema Verwandtenunterstützung hat das Bundesgericht kürzlich zwei für die Praxis der Sozialhilfe interessante Entscheide gefällt : dazu zwei Kommentare. |
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1422-0636 |
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50-aaac |
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59558 |
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Author |
Reinhard, Ursula |
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Title |
La campagne de prévention du tabagisme continuera |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Spectra : prévention et promotion de la santé |
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66; 12/2007 |
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5 |
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prevention campaign; tobacco in any form; program evaluation; Switzerland |
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Evaluation de la campagne de prévention du tabagisme. La campagne «BRAVO – La fumée en moins, la vie en plus», lancée en 2006, fait partie du programme national pour la prévention du tabagisme de l’Office fédéral de la santé publique (OFSP). Après une phase de sensibilisation/information («Fumer, ça fait du mal.._») et une phase de mobilisation («De l’air !»), la campagne BRAVO a été conçue autour de messages positifs visant à ancrer les acquis de la prévention du tabagisme et à honorer leurs auteurs, en illustrant des cas concrets et authentiques de création d’espaces sans fumée. |
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Auch auf Deutsch vorhanden; also available in English |
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50-aaz |
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59555 |
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Author |
Reinhard, Ursula |
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Title |
The tobacco prevention campaign to be continued |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Spectra : prevention and health promotion |
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66; 12/2007 |
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2 |
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prevention campaign; tobacco in any form; program evaluation; Switzerland |
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Evaluation of the tobacco prevention campaign. The «BRAVO» campaign launched in 2006 is part of the National Tobacco Prevention Programme. After the campaigns on «Smoking is harmful…» (information/ awareness) and «Fresh air, please» (mobilising the public), BRAVO now sends a positive message and focuses on recognition of the benefits of tobacco-free environments. It uses this positive message to further consolidate what has already been achieved in tobacco control. |
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Auch auf Deutsch vorhanden; aussi disponible en français |
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50-aax |
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59553 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Reinhard, Ursula |
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Title |
Die Tabakpräventionskampagne soll fortgesetzt werden |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Spectra : Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention |
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66; 12/2007 |
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5 |
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prevention campaign; tobacco in any form; program evaluation; Switzerland |
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Evaluation der Tabakpräventionskampagne. Die Kampagne «BRAVO – weniger Rauch, mehr Leben» aus dem Jahr 2006 ist Bestandteil des Nationalen Programms zur Tabakprävention. Nach den Kampagnen «Rauchen schadet.._.» (Information/ Überzeugung) und «Uns stinkts!» (Mobilisierung) baut «BRAVO» auf einer positiven Botschaft im Sinne einer Honorierung auf. Mit dieser positiven Botschaft soll «BRAVO» die Errungenschaften auf dem Gebiet der Tabakprävention weiter verankern. |
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Aussi disponible en français; also available in English |
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50-aay |
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59554 |
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Author |
Perrig-Chiello, Pasqualina |
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Die stille Revolution in der Lebensmitte, Midlife Crisis oder Neustart mit 40? |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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Spectra : Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention |
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66; 12/2007 |
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4 |
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midlife; old age; health-related behavior; health-related prevention; psychosocial environment |
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Aussi disponible en français |
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50-aav |
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59551 |
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