|
Liebkind, Y. (2006). La prévention de l'usage nocif des jeux vidéo. Dépendances : des réflexions, des pratiques autour du champ des drogues légales et illégales, (28; 04/2006), 12–15.
Abstract: L’association “Rien ne va plus”, très active dans la prévention des jeux de hasard et d’argent, se trouve de plus en plus confrontée à des sollicitations sur" le thème du jeu vidéo. Forte de cette expérience, sa coordinatrice nous livre ici une ébauche de réflexion sur les enjeux de la prévention dans le domaine des jeux vidéo.
Keywords: addictive behavior; computer technology; prevention; adolescence
|
|
|
Davidson, C. (2006). Les addictions sans substances. Dépendances : des réflexions, des pratiques autour du champ des drogues légales et illégales, (28; 04/2006), 2–4.
Abstract: Peut-on parler d’addiction lors de comportements compulsifs qui ne sont pas liés à une substance? Audelà du terme même d’addiction, l’auteur dégage plusieurs éléments qui militent pour le développement d’un modèle commun.
Keywords: addictive behavior; prevention; therapy
|
|
|
Sattar, S. A., & Springthorpe, V. S. (1991). Survival and disinfectants inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus : a critical review. Reviews of infectious diseases : medical microbiology, clinical immunology, epidemiology, 13, 430–437.
|
|
|
Storbjörk, J., & Room, R. (2008). The two worlds of alcohol problems : who is in treatment and who is not? Addiction Research and Theory, 16(1; 02/2008), 67–84.
Abstract: In the study “Women and Men in Swedish alcohol and Drug Treatment,” it is possible to compare alcohol consumption and problems among respondents in the general population with those in clients entering alcohol treatment. The differences between these groups have led researchers to talk about the “two worlds” of alcohol problems-in general and in clinical populations. The aim of this article is to study the relative strength of factors in predicting entering and the clinical population. The studied factors are demographics and marginalization; volume and frequency of drinking; alcohol dependence; social response to drinking (suggestions to cut down or seek treatment by informal actors, e.g. family and friends, and formal actors such as employer, the social services or judicial system); and treatment history. The client sample includes 1202 clients (71% men) interviewed face-to-face when entering inpatient and outpatient treatment facilities in Stockholm. In the general population survey, 3557 persons aged 18-75 years were interviewed. The two samples differ significantly. As expected, clients were older, more marginalized and reported more severe alcohol problems, and many reported previous treatment experiences and social responses. Logistic regression analyses show that previous treatment, unemployment/institutionalization and having an unstable living situation are the strongest predictors of who is in treatment, followed by age, alcohol dependence and frequency of drinking. Formal pressures to cut down or seek treatment are also important and males are more likely to be in treatment. The results support a notion of the treatment system as a place for handling marginalized people, beyond and beside their extent of drinking.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; inpatient care; outpatient care; AOD consumption; AOD use pattern; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; social support; family support; statistical data; Sweden; Stockholm
|
|
|
Stöver, H. (2007). Mann, Rausch, Sucht : Konstruktionen und Krisen von Männlichkeiten = Man, intoxication, addiction : construction and crisis of masculinity. Suchttherapie : Prävention, Behandlung, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen, 8(3; 09/2007), 89–94.
Abstract: Rausch, Drogenkonsum und Sucht sind Phänomene, die unmittelbar mit der Konstruktion von männlichen Identitäten verbunden sind. Drogenkonsumverhalten ist damit einzureihen in Gesundheitsrisiken allgemein, die Männer eingehen, um Männlichkeiten zu demonstrieren und permanent neu zu konstruieren. Der Zusammenhang von Gender und Drogenkonsum/-abhängigkeit ist seit 25 Jahren vorwiegend im Bereich „Frau und Sucht” erforscht und für die Praxis umgesetzt worden. Die „Entdeckung der Männlichkeit” in der Suchtforschung und -hilfe ist jüngeren Datums. Vor dem Hintergrund von zunehmender Perzeption von Gendertheorien und Gesundheitsverhalten und der stärker werdenden Notwendigkeit geschlechtsspezifisch sowohl in Prävention, Beratung, und Behandlung zu arbeiten, müssen entsprechende, Transfers in die Praxis geleistet werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt erste Hinweise für den Implementationsprozess männerspezifischer Hilfen für gefährdete bzw. abhängige Männer. Intoxication, drug use and addiction are phenomenon, which are closely associated with the construction of male identities. Drug use therefore can be understood within general health risk behaviour of men, which is meant to demonstrate or permanently (re-)construct masculinity. The interrelation of gender and drug use/addiction has mainly been studied and implemented into practice along the relationship of “women and addiction” since 25 years. The “discovery of masculinity” in drug research and drug services is of a much younger date. On the background of an increasing perception of gender theories and health behaviour and a growing necessity to work gender specifically in prevention, counselling, and treatment of drug using patients transfers into the practice have to be developed. This contribution gives first indications for this implementation process of men specific services for men at risk or dependent.
Keywords: gender; man; AOD intoxication; AOD consumption; addiction; prevention; counseling; treatment and maintenance; Germany
|
|
|
Söllner, R., & Gabriel, U. (2008). Typisch “Kiffer”? : Stereotype und Personenwahrnehmung = Typical pothead? : stereotypes and peop!e's perceptions. Sucht : Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis = Sucht : German journal of addiction research and practice, 54(1), 32–37.
Abstract: Fragestellung: Gibt es ein Cannabisstereotyp, das sich auf die leistungsbezogenen Erwartungen von Lehrern auswirkt? Methodik: 285 Probanden beurteilten in einem länderübergreifenden Experiment einen 16-Jährigen anhand verschiedener Aussagen zum schulspezifischen Verhalten. Der Junge wurde zusätzlich entweder als gelegentlicher Cannabiskonsument oder als “Schwarzfahrer” beschrieben. Ergebnisse: In der Bedingung des gelegentlichen Cannabiskonsumenten wurde der Schüler als weniger leistungsbereit, weniger leistungsfähig und weniger kooperations bereit eingestuft. Schlussfolgerungen: Gleichwohl empirische Belege eines amotivationalen Syndroms fehlen, hält sich das Bild des antriebslosen “Kiffers” und beeinflusst die Erwartungen von Lehrern. Aims: Is there a cannabis-user stereotype that influences teachers expectations about pupils performance in school? Method: In a cross-national study, 285 respondents evaluated a 16-year-old boy on a list of attributes depicting a cannabis-user stereotype and on several statements about the boys school-related behaviour. He was described either as an occasional cannabis user or as a fare dodger. Results: When described as a cannabis user, the pupil was rated as less ready to perform, less able to perform, and less ready to cooperate. Conclusions: Despite the lack of evidence for an amotivational syndrome, the stereotype of the listless pothead seems to persist and to influence teachers expectations about their pupils.
Keywords: societal attitude toward AOD; school; adolescent; teacher; AOD consumption; chemical addiction; cannabis; Switzerland; Germany
|
|
|
Nordlund, S. (2008). What is alcohol abuse? : changes in Norwegians' perceptions of drinking practices since the 1960s. Addiction Research and Theory, 16(1; 02/2008), 85–94.
Abstract: The aims of this study is to demonstrate how perceptions of the concept of “alcohol abuse” have changed over time and to delineate variations among sub-groups of the Norwegian population. An initial survey was conducted in 1964 in 10 Norwegian cities. Follow-up surveys were conducted in 1989 and 2006 based on national, representative samples. From these samples presumably comparable sub-samples have been selected. The respondents characterised 18 different drinking situations as “abuse”, “not abuse” or “doubt”. The 18 drinking situations were constructed based on combinations of three degrees of drinking frequencies, three degrees of intoxication and two degrees of sociability. The different combinations were presented to the respondents on cards, and in a random order. Norwegians’ perceptions of alcohol consumption have undergone major changes, particularly with respect to perceptions of what constitutes “alcohol abuse”. In general, views have become more liberal and permissive. A shift in perceptions since 1964 was already manifest or: evident in 1989, but this has developed further in the same direction since then. The more people drink, the more liberal are their views on what is “alcohol abuse”? This applies both on individual and aggregated levels. Perceptions of drinking practices, especially of “alcohol abuse”, have shifted with the change in average alcohol consumption. The higher general consumption the more drinking is allow before it is perceived as abuse. This is probably a reciprocal process with no specific causal direction, but obviously influenced by external factors, such as economic and cultural globalisation, tourism and generally more liberal views on many other facets of society and social life.
Keywords: AOD consumption; chemical addiction; alcohol abuse; AOD intoxication; societal attitude toward AOD; Norway
|
|
|
Nau, J. - Y. (2008). Alcool : consommer précocement augmente le risque de dépendance. Revue médicale suisse, 4(174; 08.10.2008), 2177.
Keywords: AOD dependence; AOD consumption; chemical addiction; risk; alcohol abuse; adolescent; binge drinking; AODR disorder; international area; Switzerland
|
|
|
McIntosh, J., Bloor, M., & Robertson, M. (2008). Drug treatment and the achievement of paid employment. Addiction Research and Theory, 16(1; 02/2008), 37–45.
Abstract: The aim of this article is to identify which aspects of drug treatment are most closely associated with recovering drug users’ ability to obtain paid employment. Based on a cohort study of 1033 individuals, this article reports on a logistic regression analysis of the factors associated with the achievement of paid employment 33 months after the initiation of treatment for drug dependency. While the results show a close relationship between the cessation of illegal drug use and individuals’ ability to obtain paid employment, they also show that abstaining from drug use is unlikely to be successful on its own. The factor that showed the strongest independent association with the achievement of paid employment was the receipt of employment-related assistance. The study’s findings are, therefore, strongly supportive of the provision of employment support programmes as the most important mechanism for helping recovering drug users to obtain employment.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; illicit drug; vocational rehabilitation; employment; AOD abstinence; United Kingdom
|
|
|
Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Michael, A. W., Egan, E., Brown, E. C., Abott, R. D., et al. (2008). Testing Communities That Care : the rationale, design and behavioral baseline equivalence of the community youth development study. Prevention Science, 9(3; 31.05.2008), 178–190.
Abstract: Recent advances in prevention science provide evidence that adolescent health and behavior problems can be prevented by high-quality prevention services. However, many communities continue to use prevention strategies that have not been shown to be effective. Studying processes for promoting the dissemination and high-quality implementation of prevention strategies found to be effective in controlled research trials has become an important focus for prevention science. The Communities That Care prevention operating system provides manuals, tools, training, and technical assistance to activate communities to use advances in prevention science to plan and implement community prevention services to reduce adolescent substance use, delinquency, and related health and behavior problems. This paper describes the rationale, aims, intervention, and design of the Community Youth Development Study, a randomized controlled community trial of the Communities That Care system, and investigates the baseline comparability of the 12 intervention and 12 control communities in the study. Results indicate baseline similarity of the intervention and control communities in levels of adolescent drug use and antisocial behavior prior to the Communities That Care intervention. Strengths and limitations of the study’s design are discussed.
Keywords: community-based prevention; health promotion; quality; target group; adolescent; experimental study; United States
|
|