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Author |
Storbjörk, Jessica; Room, Robin |
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Title |
The two worlds of alcohol problems : who is in treatment and who is not? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Addiction Research and Theory |
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16 |
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1; 02/2008 |
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67-84 |
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treatment and maintenance; inpatient care; outpatient care; AOD consumption; AOD use pattern; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; social support; family support; statistical data; Sweden; Stockholm |
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In the study “Women and Men in Swedish alcohol and Drug Treatment,” it is possible to compare alcohol consumption and problems among respondents in the general population with those in clients entering alcohol treatment. The differences between these groups have led researchers to talk about the “two worlds” of alcohol problems-in general and in clinical populations. The aim of this article is to study the relative strength of factors in predicting entering and the clinical population. The studied factors are demographics and marginalization; volume and frequency of drinking; alcohol dependence; social response to drinking (suggestions to cut down or seek treatment by informal actors, e.g. family and friends, and formal actors such as employer, the social services or judicial system); and treatment history. The client sample includes 1202 clients (71% men) interviewed face-to-face when entering inpatient and outpatient treatment facilities in Stockholm. In the general population survey, 3557 persons aged 18-75 years were interviewed. The two samples differ significantly. As expected, clients were older, more marginalized and reported more severe alcohol problems, and many reported previous treatment experiences and social responses. Logistic regression analyses show that previous treatment, unemployment/institutionalization and having an unstable living situation are the strongest predictors of who is in treatment, followed by age, alcohol dependence and frequency of drinking. Formal pressures to cut down or seek treatment are also important and males are more likely to be in treatment. The results support a notion of the treatment system as a place for handling marginalized people, beyond and beside their extent of drinking. |
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1606-6359 (Print); 1476-7392 (Online) |
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50-02623 |
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59719 |
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Author |
Stöver, Heino |
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Title |
Mann, Rausch, Sucht : Konstruktionen und Krisen von Männlichkeiten = Man, intoxication, addiction : construction and crisis of masculinity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Suchttherapie : Prävention, Behandlung, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen |
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8 |
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3; 09/2007 |
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89-94 |
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gender; man; AOD intoxication; AOD consumption; addiction; prevention; counseling; treatment and maintenance; Germany |
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Abstract |
Rausch, Drogenkonsum und Sucht sind Phänomene, die unmittelbar mit der Konstruktion von männlichen Identitäten verbunden sind. Drogenkonsumverhalten ist damit einzureihen in Gesundheitsrisiken allgemein, die Männer eingehen, um Männlichkeiten zu demonstrieren und permanent neu zu konstruieren. Der Zusammenhang von Gender und Drogenkonsum/-abhängigkeit ist seit 25 Jahren vorwiegend im Bereich „Frau und Sucht” erforscht und für die Praxis umgesetzt worden. Die „Entdeckung der Männlichkeit” in der Suchtforschung und -hilfe ist jüngeren Datums. Vor dem Hintergrund von zunehmender Perzeption von Gendertheorien und Gesundheitsverhalten und der stärker werdenden Notwendigkeit geschlechtsspezifisch sowohl in Prävention, Beratung, und Behandlung zu arbeiten, müssen entsprechende, Transfers in die Praxis geleistet werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt erste Hinweise für den Implementationsprozess männerspezifischer Hilfen für gefährdete bzw. abhängige Männer. Intoxication, drug use and addiction are phenomenon, which are closely associated with the construction of male identities. Drug use therefore can be understood within general health risk behaviour of men, which is meant to demonstrate or permanently (re-)construct masculinity. The interrelation of gender and drug use/addiction has mainly been studied and implemented into practice along the relationship of “women and addiction” since 25 years. The “discovery of masculinity” in drug research and drug services is of a much younger date. On the background of an increasing perception of gender theories and health behaviour and a growing necessity to work gender specifically in prevention, counselling, and treatment of drug using patients transfers into the practice have to be developed. This contribution gives first indications for this implementation process of men specific services for men at risk or dependent. |
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German; English |
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1439-9903 |
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50-02622 |
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59718 |
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Author |
Söllner, Renate; Gabriel, Ute |
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Typisch “Kiffer”? : Stereotype und Personenwahrnehmung = Typical pothead? : stereotypes and peop!e's perceptions |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Sucht : Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis = Sucht : German journal of addiction research and practice |
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54 |
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1 |
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32-37 |
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societal attitude toward AOD; school; adolescent; teacher; AOD consumption; chemical addiction; cannabis; Switzerland; Germany |
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Fragestellung: Gibt es ein Cannabisstereotyp, das sich auf die leistungsbezogenen Erwartungen von Lehrern auswirkt? Methodik: 285 Probanden beurteilten in einem länderübergreifenden Experiment einen 16-Jährigen anhand verschiedener Aussagen zum schulspezifischen Verhalten. Der Junge wurde zusätzlich entweder als gelegentlicher Cannabiskonsument oder als “Schwarzfahrer” beschrieben. Ergebnisse: In der Bedingung des gelegentlichen Cannabiskonsumenten wurde der Schüler als weniger leistungsbereit, weniger leistungsfähig und weniger kooperations bereit eingestuft. Schlussfolgerungen: Gleichwohl empirische Belege eines amotivationalen Syndroms fehlen, hält sich das Bild des antriebslosen “Kiffers” und beeinflusst die Erwartungen von Lehrern. Aims: Is there a cannabis-user stereotype that influences teachers expectations about pupils performance in school? Method: In a cross-national study, 285 respondents evaluated a 16-year-old boy on a list of attributes depicting a cannabis-user stereotype and on several statements about the boys school-related behaviour. He was described either as an occasional cannabis user or as a fare dodger. Results: When described as a cannabis user, the pupil was rated as less ready to perform, less able to perform, and less ready to cooperate. Conclusions: Despite the lack of evidence for an amotivational syndrome, the stereotype of the listless pothead seems to persist and to influence teachers expectations about their pupils. |
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0939-5911 (Print); 1664-2856 (Online) |
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Only abstract in English |
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50-02621 |
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59717 |
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Nordlund, Sturla |
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Title |
What is alcohol abuse? : changes in Norwegians' perceptions of drinking practices since the 1960s |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Addiction Research and Theory |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1; 02/2008 |
Pages |
85-94 |
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AOD consumption; chemical addiction; alcohol abuse; AOD intoxication; societal attitude toward AOD; Norway |
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The aims of this study is to demonstrate how perceptions of the concept of “alcohol abuse” have changed over time and to delineate variations among sub-groups of the Norwegian population. An initial survey was conducted in 1964 in 10 Norwegian cities. Follow-up surveys were conducted in 1989 and 2006 based on national, representative samples. From these samples presumably comparable sub-samples have been selected. The respondents characterised 18 different drinking situations as “abuse”, “not abuse” or “doubt”. The 18 drinking situations were constructed based on combinations of three degrees of drinking frequencies, three degrees of intoxication and two degrees of sociability. The different combinations were presented to the respondents on cards, and in a random order. Norwegians’ perceptions of alcohol consumption have undergone major changes, particularly with respect to perceptions of what constitutes “alcohol abuse”. In general, views have become more liberal and permissive. A shift in perceptions since 1964 was already manifest or: evident in 1989, but this has developed further in the same direction since then. The more people drink, the more liberal are their views on what is “alcohol abuse”? This applies both on individual and aggregated levels. Perceptions of drinking practices, especially of “alcohol abuse”, have shifted with the change in average alcohol consumption. The higher general consumption the more drinking is allow before it is perceived as abuse. This is probably a reciprocal process with no specific causal direction, but obviously influenced by external factors, such as economic and cultural globalisation, tourism and generally more liberal views on many other facets of society and social life. |
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1606-6359 (Print); 1476-7392 (Online) |
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50-02608 |
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59716 |
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Author |
McIntosh, James; Bloor, Michael; Robertson, Michele |
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Title |
Drug treatment and the achievement of paid employment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
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Addiction Research and Theory |
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16 |
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1; 02/2008 |
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37-45 |
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treatment and maintenance; illicit drug; vocational rehabilitation; employment; AOD abstinence; United Kingdom |
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The aim of this article is to identify which aspects of drug treatment are most closely associated with recovering drug users’ ability to obtain paid employment. Based on a cohort study of 1033 individuals, this article reports on a logistic regression analysis of the factors associated with the achievement of paid employment 33 months after the initiation of treatment for drug dependency. While the results show a close relationship between the cessation of illegal drug use and individuals’ ability to obtain paid employment, they also show that abstaining from drug use is unlikely to be successful on its own. The factor that showed the strongest independent association with the achievement of paid employment was the receipt of employment-related assistance. The study’s findings are, therefore, strongly supportive of the provision of employment support programmes as the most important mechanism for helping recovering drug users to obtain employment. |
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1606-6359 (Print); 1476-7392 (Online) |
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50-02604 |
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59714 |
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Author |
Elsner, Heinrich |
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Beigebrauch von Benzodiazepinen in der Methadonsubstitution : medizinisch korrekte Selbstmedikation gegen die methadonassoziierten Schlafstörungen? = IlIicit use of benzodiazepines in methadone maintenance therapy : medicinal appropriate self-medicating for dyssomnia due to methadone |
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2006 |
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Suchttherapie : Prävention, Behandlung, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen |
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7 |
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1; 03/2006 |
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8-12 |
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treatment and maintenance; methadone maintenance; AOD associated consequences; AODR disorder; chemical addiction; illicit drug; benzodiazepines; Switzerland; drug substitution therapy |
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Bereits 1993 zeigten Hemmeter et al. eine verminderte Tonuserniedrigung der peripheren Muskulatur in der REM-Schlafphase unter Methadon-Razemat-Substitution. Dieser Befund ist der REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung zuzuordnen; empfohlene Therapie ist die Gabe von Clonazepam am Abend. Viele Substituierte berichten, dass sie mit einer Benzodiazepinmedikation einerseits besser schlafen können und sich andererseits nicht so niedergeschlagen und inaktiv fühlen. Eine Benzodiazepinmedikation wurde bzw. wird oftmals als sog. Beigebrauch betrachtet und steht somit dem Therapieziel der Substitutionsbehandlung entgegen. Diese Sichtweise muss auf dem Hintergrund der Datenlage hinterfragt werden, allerdings ist eine prophylaktische Benzodiazepinmedikation nicht indiziert. Already 1963 Hemmeter et al. had shown a missing tension decrease of musculature in REM-sleep during d,l-methadone substitution. This fact is assigned to the REM-sleep-behavior-disorder. Recommended medication is clonazepam in the evening. Much substituted patients reports on a better sleep with benzodiazepines. Add to this they don’t feel so depressed and inactive. A benzodiazepine-use is often seen as illicit drug use, which stands in the way of the aim of methadone maintenance therapy. This view is to scrutinize in sight ofthe-facts. However a preventive benzodiazepine-medication is not indicated. |
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1439-9903 |
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50-02583 |
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59712 |
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Author |
Bogren, Alexandra |
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Title |
Women's intoxication as dual licentiousness : an exploration of gendered images of drinking and intoxication in Sweden |
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2008 |
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Addiction Research and Theory |
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16 |
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1; 02/2008 |
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95-106 |
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gender; woman; sexuality; AOD use; AOD consumption; chemical addiction; alcohol intoxication; societal attitude toward AOD; Sweden |
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In this article, it is suggested that an important cultural image of intoxication in some Western societies appears to be ’intoxication as ecstasy’, intoxication as escape from the everyday into a ’wild’ and ’natural’ state. The purpose of this article is to discuss this cultural image and its link to gendered ideas about sexuality and, on the basis of this discussion, to develop a hypothesis for further testing. The hypothesis developed proposes that women – via the cultural linking of their sexuality to biological processes of reproduction – are placed closer to nature than men. This makes women’s drinking and intoxication seem more dangerous than men’s, because drinking and intoxication would seem to make women come even closer to nature. It is suggested that women’s ’dual licentiousness’ threatens the distinction between nature and culture. |
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50-02573 |
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59711 |
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Author |
Müller, Yolanda; Cavassini, Matthias |
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Title |
VIH et âge avancé : on ne trouve que ce qu'on cherche |
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2007 |
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Gériatrie pratique |
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6; 12/2007 |
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6-8 |
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HIV infection; Aids; health promotion; journal article |
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French |
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1661-2620 |
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50-02181 |
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59703 |
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Zimmermann, Ulrich S.; Mick, Inge; Mann, Karl F. |
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Neurobiologische Aspekte des Alkoholkonsums bei Kindern und Jugendlichen = Neurobiological implications of child and adolescent alcohol consumption |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Sucht : Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis = Sucht : German journal of addiction research and practice |
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54 |
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6 |
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335-345 |
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neurobiology (field); brain function; brain damage; AOD consumption; AOD dependence; AOD use pattern; AOD effects and consequences; risk factors; adolescent; child; Germany |
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Fragestellung: Welche neurobiologischen Erkenntnisse zu Ursachen und Folgen übermäßigen Alkoholkonsums bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind gegenwärtig bekannt? Methodik: Überblick über einschlägige epidemiologische und experimentelle Studien. Ergebnisse: Eine Reihe neurobiologischer Faktoren beeinflusst das Trinkverhalten Jugendlicher und das Risiko für spätere Alkoholabhängigkeit. Sie sind größtenteils genetisch beeinflusst, entfalten ihr Risikopotential jedoch erst durch wechselseitige Interaktion mit Umwelteinflüssen. Bereits im Jugendalter können Alkoholfolgeschäden am Gehirn und seiner Funktion auftreten. Schlussfolgerungen: Das Vermeiden übermäßigen Alkoholkonsums im Jugendalter begünstigt den noch im Ablauf befindlichen Prozess der Gehirnreifung und verringert die Gefahr späterer Alkoholsucht. Aim: To describe what is currently known about the neurobiological causes and consequences of excessive alcohol consumption among children and adolescents. Methods: A review of the relevant epidemiological and experimental studies was carried out. Results: A number of neurobiological factors affect adolescent drinking behaviour and the risk of later developing alcohol dependence. These factors are primarily genetically determined, but the risk potential develops through reciprocal interactions with the environment. alcohol-related harmful effects on the brain and its functioning can begin during adolescence. Conclusions: Avoiding drinking excessively during adolescence will facilitate brain maturational processes and reduce the risk of later developing alcohol dependence. |
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0939-5911 (Print); 1664-2856 (Online) |
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Only abstract in English |
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50-01097 |
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59697 |
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Author |
Klingemann, Harald |
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Männer und Medikamente : zum Beispiel Dopingmittel = Men and pharmaceuticals : for example doping |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Suchttherapie : Prävention, Behandlung, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen |
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8 |
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3; 03/2007 |
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103-107 |
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sports; doping; AOD use; chemical addiction; psychoactive substances; steroids; man; woman; statistical data; Switzerland |
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Im Sport zeichnen sich Entwicklungen im Umgang mit Medikamenten und psychoaktiven Substanzen ab, die vor allem Männer betreffen. Das zeigt auch die aktuelle Diskussion über den Einsatz von Dopingmitteln im Spitzensport. Deutsche Studien im Breiten- und Freizeitsport in Fitness-Studios und in der Bodybuilding-Szene belegen darüber hinaus, dass 20-40% der sportlich Aktiven Dopingmittel wie anabole-androgene Steroide und Stimulanzien nehmen. Das Verhältnis von Männern zu Frauen, die Dopingmittel nehmen, variiert zwischen 3:1 und 9:1. Diese Daten zeigen an, dass der Konsum von Medikamenten nicht mehr allein “typisch weiblich” sondern ebenso “typisch männlich” ist. In sports, developments are observed in the use of medications and of psychoactive substances by men. It is reflected in the ongoing discussion on doping in top sports events. Empirical studies in Germany in mass sports arenas, leisure time sports activities, in fitness-clubs and in the scene of body-builders show that between 20% and 40 % of those who are active in sports use substances such as anabolic-androgenic steroids and stimulants. The relationship between men and women who use such substances varies between 3:1 and 9:1. The data show that the use of medications is not only “typical female” but as weil “typical male”. |
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50-01086 |
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