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Wettach, R. H. U., & Dobler-Mikola, A. (1994). Zur Bedeutung der lebensgeschichtlichen Ressourcen für den Rehabilitationserfolg von Drogenabhängigen nach einem stationären Therapieaufenthalt. Suchtprobleme & Sozialarbeit : Fachblatt des Schweizerischen Verbandes von Fachleuten für Alkoholgefährdeten- und Suchtkrankenhilfe (VSFA), 1994(4), 148–157.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; inpatient care; treatment outcome; Switzerland
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Pharma Information. (1992). Aidsbekämpfung mit selbstzerstörbaren Injektionsspritzen. Pharma Information Dossier Gesundheit, 1992(01/1992), 3.
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Kraushaar, B. (1991). Drogenprohibition : ein tödliches Experiment mit unserer Jugend? Die Weltwoche, 1991(20; 12.09.1991), 10.
Abstract: Seit über zwanzig Jahren eine an allen Ecken gescheiterte Drogenpolitik. Elf Jahre Aids mit verherenden Folgen für Menschen die Drogen konsumieren. Und seit Jahren der Slogan der politischen Verantwortlichen sowie der Drogenfachleute, dass es für die Drogenproblematik keine Patentrezepte gibt. Diese resignative Haltung verlangt nach neuen Perspektiven in der Drogenarbeit.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; chemical addiction; alcohol; tobacco in any form; illicit drug; cannabis; heroin; treatment and maintenance; heroin-assisted treatment; government and politics; laws and regulations; law enforcement; criminalization; drug legalization; societal attitude toward AOD; social and economic cost of AOD; viral disease; HIV infection; Aids; Switzerland
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Amendt, G. (1990). Alle reden von Crack, doch keiner hat Crack gesehen. Die Weltwoche, 1990(29; 19.07.1990), 32.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; crack cocaine
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Benjamin, D., Grant, E. R., & Pohorecky, L. A. (1993). Naltrexone reverses ethanol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in a\vake, freely moving rats. Brain research, 621(1; 03.09.1993), 137–140.
Keywords: alcohol; naltrexone; brain; serotonin; dopamine; study; research; journal article
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Thomas, K. V., Bijlsma, L., Castiglioni, S., Covaci, A., Emke, E., Grabic, R., et al. (2012). Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 432, 432–439.
Abstract: The analysis of sewage for urinary biomarkers of illicit drugs is a promising and complementary approach for estimating the use of these substances in the general population. For the first time, this approach was simultaneously applied in 19 European cities, making it possible to directly compare illicit drug loads in Europe over a 1-week period. An inter-laboratory comparison study was performed to evaluate the analytical performance of the participating laboratories. Raw 24-hour composite sewage samples were collected from 19 European cities during a single week in March 2011 and analyzed for the urinary biomarkers of cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, methamphetamine and cannabis using in-house optimized and validated analytical methods. The load of each substance used in each city was back-calculated from the measured concentrations. The data show distinct temporal and spatial patterns in drug use across Europe. Cocaine use was higher in Western and Central Europe and lower in Northern and Eastern Europe. The extrapolated total daily use of cocaine in Europe during the study period was equivalent to 356 kg/day. High per capita ecstasy loads were observed in Dutch cities, as well as in Antwerp and London. In general, cocaine and ecstasy loads were significantly elevated during the weekend compared to weekdays. Per-capita loads of methamphetamine were highest in Helsinki and Turku, Oslo and Budweis, while the per capita loads of cannabis were similar throughout Europe. This study shows that a standardized analysis for illicit drug urinary biomarkers in sewage can be applied to estimate and compare the use of these substances at local and international scales. This approach has the potential to deliver important information on drug markets (supply indicator).
Keywords: AOD use; illicit drug; ecstasy; MDMA; cocaine; cannabis; amphetamines; research; study; water pollution; international differences; international area; statistical data; Europe; journal article
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Rehm, J., Gschwend, P., Steffen, T., Gutzwiller, F., Dobler-Mikola, A., & Uchtenhagen, A. (2001). Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of injectable heroin prescription for refractory opioid addicts : a follow-up study. The Lancet, 358(27.10.2001), 1417–1420.
Abstract: Background : Heroin-assisted substitution treatment for severely opioid-dependent drug users has been available in Switzerland since 1994. Our aim was to ascertain the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of this treatment. Methods : We did a cohort study in 21 community outpatient treatment centres. We assessed 1969 opioid-dependent drug users, who began heroin-assisted substitution treatment between January, 1994, and December, 2000, to ascertain admission and discharge patterns, and patient characteristics. We also followed up a subset of 237 patients who began treatment between Jan 1, 1994, and March 31, 1995, and who stayed with the programme for at least 18 months. We used questionnaires, interviews, and medical examinations done at entry and after 6, 12, and 18 months to assess somatic and mental health, social integration, and treatment outcomes. Findings : More than 70% (1378) of patients remained in treatment for more than a year. Treatment showed positive effects with respect to health and social outcomes. A long stay in treatment was related to a higher chance of starting abstinence-oriented therapy than a short stay. Interpretation : Heroin-assisted substitution treatment might be an effective option for chronically addicted patients for whom other treatments have failed.
Keywords: AOD dependence; opioids in any form; heroin; heroin-assisted treatment; treatment and maintenance; study; statistical data; Switzerland
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Drucker, E. (2001). Injectable heroin substitution treatment for opioid dependency. The Lancet, 358(27.10.2001), 1385.
Keywords: addiction; treatment and maintenance; AOD dependence; heroin; heroin-assisted treatment; methadone; harm reduction; research; trial study; Switzerland; commentary
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Bousingen, D. D. de. (2001). Drug firm compensates patients for suspected hepatitis B vaccine failure. The Lancet, 357(19.05.2001), 1598.
Abstract: A French appeal court has ordered GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) to pay US$6686 and US$10 697 in compensation to two women with multiple sclerosis who claim the chronic disease was caused by a hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B) manufactured by the pharmaceutical company.
Keywords: health promotion; viral hepatitis; hepatitis B
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Herrlin, K., Segerdahl, M., Gustafsson, L. L., & Kalso, E. (2000). Methadone, ciprofloxacin, and adverse drug reactions . The Lancet, 356(9247; 16.12.2000), 2069–2070.
Abstract: Ciprofloxacin, given to a patient successfully treated with methadone for more than 6 years, caused profound sedation, confusion, and respiratory depression. We suggest that this was caused by ciprofloxacin inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity, two of the cytochrome p450 isozymes involved in the metabolism of methadone.
Keywords: treatment and maintenance; methadone; ciprofloxacin; adverse drug effect
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