European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2012). A definition of “drug mules” for use in a European context. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).
Abstract: Drug trafficking is no longer considered solely a social ill or a domestic issue, but is now presented as a matter of European security (1). In the European Union (EU) vast amounts of resources are spent on securing external and internal borders against illegal drugs and punishing those who break drug laws (2); however, research in the area is still, comparatively, in its infancy. Very little is known about the operation of drug markets or about state and non-state responses to drug markets and the effects of these. There remains a disconnect between theoretical models and regular data gathering that empirical research has so far been unable to bridge. Thus, the aim of this project was to reassess the ontological assumptions that have been underpinning drug market research and informing research choices to determine whether a more comprehensive and comparative approach might be more useful in the future
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; AOD demand; drug market; drug smuggling; drug trafficking; research; Europe
|
Strang, J., Groshkova, T., & Metrebian, N. (2012). New heroin-assisted treatment : recent evidence and current practices of supervised injectable heroin treatment in Europe and beyond. Insights, 11. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: The prescription of substitution drugs, such as methadone and buprenorphine, has become a mainstream, first-line treatment for opioid dependence, with around 700 000 of Europe’s 1.3 million problem opioid users receiving substitution treatment today. But a small minority of entrenched opioid users repeatedly fails to respond to interventions of this kind. Findings from international trials now suggest that the supervised use of medicinal heroin can be an effective second-line treatment for this small, and previously unresponsive, group. In this latest EMCDDA Insights report, experts describe the development as “an important clinical step forward”. The report provides the first state-of-the-art overview of research on the subject, examining the latest evidence and clinical experience in this area in Europe and beyond.
Keywords: harm reduction; addiction; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; heroin; heroin-assisted treatment; methadone; drug substitution therapy; research; international area; Europe; report
|
Carpentier, C., Mulligan, K., Laniel, L., Potter, D., Hughes, B., Vandam, L., et al. (2012). Cannabis production and markets in Europe (C. Carpentier, L. Laniel, & P. Griffiths, Eds.). Insights, 122. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: This study brings together available evidence to provide a comprehensive analysis of cannabis production and markets across the EU. It combines information from EMCDDA routine reporting – data on patterns of prevalence and use, seizures, police reports, drug-law offences, cannabis potency and retail market prices – with literature on cannabis markets to create an in-depth analysis of the issue in a European context.
Keywords: cannabis; marijuana in any form; prevalence; drug market; plant and crop husbandry; drug consumption; drug laws; AOD price; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; AOD demand; AOD supply; study; international area; Europe; report
|
Olszewski, D., Hedrich, D., Montanari, L., & European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2012). Users' voices : experiences and perceptions of European drug users on controlling their drug consumption (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Ed.). Thematic papers. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: A collection of narratives from substance users in Europe about their attempts to control or reduce their consumption is released today by the EMCDDA. Entitled Users’ voices, the paper illustrates how qualitative research can provide glimpses into the experiences and perceptions of substance users that statistics alone cannot provide.Organization in 1986 (WHO, 1986). Quotations, gleaned from interviews with substance users in Europe, help to focus on their total needs by providing glimpses into the different ways individuals attempt to control or reduce their consumption of drugs or alcohol. This paper does not attempt to assess the relative efficacy of any specific drug or alcohol approach or intervention: its purpose is to highlight the fact that there is enormous heterogeneity in different individual experiences and the quotations used give voice to some of these very different experiences. In this way, quotations provide important insights and meaning into the figures on prevalence of drug use and treatment statistics.
Keywords: addiction; drug user; monitoring; treatment and maintenance; individual differences; international differences; international area; Europe
|
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, & Europol. (2010). Amphetamine: a European Union perspective in the global context. Joint publications, (3). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: This report is the third in a series of European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)–Europol joint publications dedicated to prevalent illicit drugs. It focuses on amphetamine, a substance belonging to the family often referred to as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), which covers two main groups of substances: the ‘amphetamines’, which includes amphetamine, methamphetamine and related substances, and the ‘ecstasy-type’ drugs, which includes methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its close relatives methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA). This study focuses on amphetamine production and markets in Europe, set in a global context. The first two EMCDDA–Europol joint publications were dedicated to methamphetamine and cocaine, while ecstasy-type substances, heroin and cannabis will be addressed in future publications.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; amphetamines; illegal production of drugs; drug trafficking; drug market; international area; Europe
|
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (Ed.). (2011). European drug prevention quality standards : a manual for prevention professionals. Manuals, 7. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: Prevention is one of the first approaches to be mentioned when public debate and policy address drug use and drug-related problems. Regularly, measures of prevention are presented as a means to overcome existing or future problems. However, evidence of ‘what works’ in practice is often overlooked. Similarly, research has shown examples where preventive efforts produced no or detrimental effects. This publication will help steer efforts in the right direction. Using an empirically derived reference framework, it bridges the gaps between science, policy and practice. Based on an overview of existing standards in Europe and beyond, a number of highly respected experts from EU Member States and international organisations worked together to prepare the publication. More than 400 national experts and stakeholders were included in a Delphi panel study and in a number of focus groups, which produced in-depth discussions as well as a consensus on the most important recommendations. The European Commission provided the funding for the original project on prevention standards and its results are now published within the EMCDDA Manuals series. In this series, information, advice, and guidance are offered to professionals and practitioners. Well structured and with many useful tables and figures, this publication will help its users as they progress from a first needs assessment to the delivery of an intervention and its final evaluation. Correct implementation of prevention measures with evidence-based components and anchoring them within existing structures and services (or activities) is key to ensuring effectiveness and it helps to avoid unintended iatrogenic effects. This manual will provide valuable guidance in this respect and allow preventive interventions to reach their full potential.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; prevention program; prevention; prevention strategy; quality; quality control; international area; Europe
|
Osservatorio europeo delle droghe e delle tossicodipendenze. (2011). Relazione annuale 2011 : evoluzione del fenomeno della droga in Europa. Relazione annuale. Lussemburgo: Ufficio delle pubblicazioni dellUnione europea.
Abstract: The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures.
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; public policy on illicit drugs; other drug laws; cannabis; MDMA; ecstasy; LSD; cocaine; crack cocaine; intravenous injection; opioids in any form; communicable disease; AODR mortality; prevalence; Europe; annual report
|
Observatoire européen des drogues et des toxicomanies. (2011). Rapport annuel 2011 : état du phénomène de la drogue en Europe. Rapport annuel. Luxembourg: Office des publications de l'Union européenne.
Abstract: The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures.
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; public policy on illicit drugs; other drug laws; cannabis; MDMA; ecstasy; LSD; cocaine; crack cocaine; intravenous injection; opioids in any form; piperazine; ketamine; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; communicable disease; AODR mortality; mephedrone; Europe; annual report
|
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2011). Annual report 2011 : the state of the drugs problem in Europe. Annual report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Abstract: The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures.
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; public policy on illicit drugs; other drug laws; cannabis; MDMA; ecstasy; LSD; cocaine; crack cocaine; intravenous injection; opioids in any form; piperazine; ketamine; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; communicable disease; AODR mortality; mephedrone; Europe; annual report
|
Europäische Beobachtungsstelle für Drogen und Drogensucht. (2011). Jahresbericht 2011 : Stand der Drogenproblematik in Europa. Jahresbericht. Luxemburg: Amt für Veröffentlichungen der Europäischen Union.
Abstract: The report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon. This is an essential reference book for policy-makers, specialists and practitioners in the drugs field or indeed anyone seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. Published every autumn, the report contains non-confidential data supported by an extensive range of figures.
Keywords: AOD public policy strategy; public policy on illicit drugs; other drug laws; cannabis; MDMA; ecstasy; LSD; cocaine; crack cocaine; intravenous injection; opioids in any form; piperazine; ketamine; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; communicable disease; AODR mortality; mephedrone; Europe; annual report
|
