| Records |
| Author |
Herz, Albert |
| Title |
Endogenous opioid systems and alcohol addiction |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Psychopharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
129; 01/1997 |
Pages |
99-111 |
| Keywords |
addiction; alcohol; opioids in any form; dopamine; naltrexone; prevention; relapse prevention; research; journal article |
| Abstract |
alcohol exei.ts numerous pharmacological effects through its interaction with various neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Among the latter, the endogenous opioids playa key role in the rewarding (addictive) properties of ethanol. Three types of opioid receptors represent the respective targets of the major opioid peptides (p-endorphin, enkephalins and dynorphins, respectively). The rewarding (reinforcing) properties of 11- and 8-receptor ligands are brought about by activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system which ascends from the ventral tegmentum of the midbrain (VTA) to rostral structures: of these, the nucleus accumbens (NAC) is of particular importance in drug addiction. In contrast, dysphoria results from activation of K-receptors. The neurochemical manifestations of these opposing effects are, respectively, increases and decreases in dopamine release in the NAC. Several lines of evidence indicate that alcohol interferes with endogenous opioid mechanisms which are closely linked with dopamine transmission in the mesolimbic pathway. The view that condensation products of dopamine and alcohol-derived aldehyde (tetrahydroisoquinolines) playa role remains controversial. There is. however, much information on the direct (acute and chronic) effects of alcohol on the binding properties of opioid receptors, as well as modulation of opioid peptide synthesis and secretion (e.g. a suggested increase in p-endorphin release). In view of the reinforcing properties of alcohol. it is relevant to consider behavioural studies involving alcohol self-administration in rodents and primates. Low doses of morphine have been found to increase. and higher doses of the opiate to decrease, alcohol consumption. Conversely, opi()id antagonists such as naloxone and naltrexone (which bind to non-selectively opioid receptors) have been shown to decrease alcohol consumption under various experimental conditions. Similar results have been reported when selective 11- or b-receptor antagonists are administered. Results obtained in genetic models of high preference for alcohol also support the view that alcohol intake depends on the activity of the endogenous opioid reward system and that alcohol consumption may serve to compensate for inherent deficits in this system. One hypothetical model proposes that reward results from activation of opioid receptors in the VTA and/or b-receptors in the NAC; both these nuclei are targets of endogenous p-endorphin. It is suggested that alcohol interferes with this reward pathway either directly or indirectly. The available experimental data accord well with those obtained from clinical studies in which opioid antagonists have been used to prevent relapse in alcoholics. Conceptual considerations concerning communalities between various forms of addictions are also discussed in this review. |
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English |
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0033-3158 |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-00274 |
Serial |
59630 |
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| Author |
Heger, Rolf-Joachim |
| Title |
Qualitätsmanagement in sozialen Einrichtungen : Der Q-Beauftragte – Lotse auf schwierigem Terrain |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
MQ – Management und Qualität |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
05/2004 |
Pages |
8-10 |
| Keywords |
quality; workplace context; social institution; health care professionals; international area; Germany; Berlin |
| Abstract |
Ein Qualitätsbeauftragter organisiert Qualitätsmassnahmen und agiert als Lotse für die Mitarbeiter, damit sie im Prozess kontinuierlicher Verbesserung ihren Weg gehen können. Er hat eine herausragende, aber keine entscheidende Funktion. Das sorgt nicht nur bei ihm für Irritationen. |
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German |
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Schweiz : 1422-6634; Deutschland : 1862-2623 |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-00271 |
Serial |
59629 |
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| Author |
Hauser-Scherer, Priska; Meyer, Matthias |
| Title |
Praxisbericht : Suchtprävention für arbeitslose Jugendliche in der Schweiz – (k)ein Bedürfnis ? : Ergebnisse einer Machbarkeitsstudie |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Abhängigkeiten : Forschung und Praxis der Prävention und Behandlung |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-35 |
| Keywords |
secondary prevention; licit drug; alcohol abuse; AOD consumption; adolescent; unemployment; social institution; survey; German-speaking Switzerland |
| Abstract |
Eine Projektidee zur Sekundärprävention von Alkoholmissbrauch bei jungen 16- bis 25-jährigen Arbeitslosen wurde untersucht. Mit Hilfe von Einrichtungen, die sich in der Deutschschweiz primär mit Jugendarbeitslosigkeit beschäftigen, sollten junge Arbeitslose mit Alkoholproblemen gefunden und in Präventionsgruppen geleitet werden, um dort neue Kompetenzen im Umgang mit der Arbeitslosigket und dem Alkoholkonsum zu lernen. Zwei Umfagen bei entsprechenden Einrichtungen ergaben ein nur geringes Problembewusstsein und keinen Bedarf an einem entsprechenden Projekt. Arbeitslose Jugendliche in der Schweiz sind nur relativ kurz in dieser Lage. Zudem scheinen sie keine manifesten Alkoholprobleme zu haben. Diese Sichtweise stellen die Autoren der Arbeits- und Sozialbehörden in Frage. |
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German |
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Journal unsicher |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-00268 |
Serial |
59628 |
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| Author |
Gianoulakis, C.; Béliveau, D.; Angeloglannl, P.; Meaney, H.; Thavundayll, J.; Tawar, V.; Dumas, M. |
| Title |
Differantial pituitary beta-endorphin and adrenal cortisol response to ethanol in individuals with high and low risk for future developement of alcoholism |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Life Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
45 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1097-1109 |
| Keywords |
Aod; AOD use; AOD consumption; AOD associated consequences; AOD effects and AODR problems; AOD effects and consequences; AOD use initiation; AOD use pattern; alcohol; statistical data; study |
| Abstract |
The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the activity of the adrenal gland and the pituitary beta-endorphin system in individuals from families with a 3 generation history of alcoholism, High Risk group, or from families without history of alcoholism, Low Risk group. All subjects had a medical examination, a drinking behavior personal interview and the Michigan alcoholism Screening Test. Individuals with medical problems or excessive drinking were not included in the study. On the day of testing, a blood sample was taken at 9:00 a.m., then the subject drank a placebo drInk or an ethanol solution (0.5 g ethanol/kg B.Wt.). Additional blood samples were taken at 15, 45 and 120 minutes post-drink. Results indicated that individuals of the High Risk group had lower basal levels of beta-endorphin like immunoreactivity (beta-EPLlR) than individuals of the Low Risk group. The dose of 0.5 g ethanol/kg B.Wt. induced an increase in the plasma content of beta-EPLIR of the High Risk group, but not of the Low Risk group. In the Low Risk group ethanol did not induce an increase above the 9:00 a.m. levels, however, it attenuated the beta-endorphin decrease overtime, observed following the placebo drink. Analysis of beta-endorphin-like peptides in the plasma of the High Risk group, with Sephadex G-75 chromatography indicated that the major component of the plasma beta-EPLIR was beta-lipotropin. Plasma cortisol levels, following ethanol intake presented a small increase in the High Risk group but not in the Low Risk group. Both groups presented similar blood alcohol levels. The basal levels of immunoreactive cortisol and beta-endorphin in the plasma of individuals who were alcoholics, but had been abstinent for at least six months prior to testing were similar to the levels of the High Risk group. Thus there are differences both in the basel levels and In the response of the cortisol and the pituitary beta-endorphin system to an acute ethanol challenge between the two groups. |
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English |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
50-00240 |
Serial |
59626 |
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| Author |
Summermatter, Doris; Ruckstuhl, Brigitte |
| Title |
Gender – bedeutendes Kriterium für die Projektförderung |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Sozial- und Präventivmedizin = Social and preventive medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
6; 12/2003 |
Pages |
394 |
| Keywords |
gender; health promotion; Switzerland |
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German |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-00239 |
Serial |
59625 |
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| Author |
Genazzi, A. R.; Nappi, G.; Facchinetti, F.; Mazzella, G. L.; Parrini, D.; Sinforani, E.; Petraglia, F.; Savoldi, F. |
| Title |
Entral deficiency of beta-endorphin in alcohol addicts |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
55 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
583-586 |
| Keywords |
AOD dependence; addiction; alcohol; statistical data; study |
| Abstract |
alcohol addiction may induce its dependence through a mechanism involving opiate receptors and opioid peptides. For these reasons, we measured ACTH, beta-lipotropin, and beta-endorphin in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 29 alcohol addicts and compared these values with those found in 8 normal volunteers. Although no significant differences existed in peripheral concentrations of the 3 peptides, alcohol addicts had beta-endorphin levels in CSF (mean +/- SE, 29.4 +/- 4.5 fmol/ml) that were 3-fold lower than those of the controls (98.4 +/- 10.5 fmol/ml; P less than 0.001) and ACTH levels 4 times higher than control values (30.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 7.4 +/- 1.1 fmol/ml in controls; P less than 0.001), while no difference was found in beta-lipotropin levels. These results suggest that alcohol addiction is associated with a marked alteration in the CSF content of proopiocortin-related peptides which may play a role in the alcohol-seeking behavior typical of the syndrome. |
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0021-972x |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-00236 |
Serial |
59624 |
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| Author |
Fassin, Didier |
| Title |
Entre politiques du vivant et politiques de la vie : pour une anthropologie de la santé |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Anthropologie et sociétés |
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24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
95-116 |
| Keywords |
health; health and disease; political process |
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French |
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0702-8997 |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-00212 |
Serial |
59622 |
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| Author |
Ferrandino, Joseph J. |
| Title |
Crack : 20 Dollar rock, billion Dollar problem |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
EAP Digest |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
11/1986 |
Pages |
41-45 |
| Keywords |
AOD use, abuse, and dependence; psychoactive substances; illicit drug; crack cocaine; heroin; smoking; intravenous drug user; AOD dependent; epidemiology; AOD effects and AODR problems; adverse drug effect; AODR disorder; heart disorder; eating disorder; AODR mortality; social and economic cost of AOD; AOD price; history; public opinion on AOD; community-based prevention; prevention program; intervention (persuasion to treatment); treatment and maintenance; relapse prevention; family support; self-help group; adolescent; workplace AOD policy; international area; United States |
| Abstract |
Once seen as a “glamour” drug used by the very wealthy, cocaine is readily available and affordable for almost everyone. The rock form – called “crack” – has heralded this change and the results are devastating. Here’s what you should know about this powerful drug, and what can be done to combat its use. |
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0273-8910 |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-00214 |
Serial |
59623 |
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| Author |
Eskelson, C. D.; Hameroff, S. R.; Kanel, J. S. |
| Title |
Ethanol increases serum beta-Endorphin levels in rats |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Anesthesia and Analgesia |
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| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
7; 07/1980 |
Pages |
537-538 |
| Keywords |
alcohol; research; study; statistical data |
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0003-2999 |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-00207 |
Serial |
59620 |
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| Author |
Farrell, Michael; Hall, Wayne |
| Title |
The Swiss heroin trials : testing alternative approaches : prescribed heroin is likely to have a limited role |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
British medical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
28.02.1998 |
Pages |
1 |
| Keywords |
treatment and maintenance; heroin; heroin-assisted treatment; methadone; commentary |
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no |
| Call Number |
50-00211 |
Serial |
59621 |
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