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Goodchild, S. (1999, 01.08.1999). Herbal 'antidote' leads to dangerous ecstasy boom. The Independent, 1.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; ecstasy
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Campbell, D. (2013, 30.04.2013). Canada is proof that state-controlled drinking is good for health. The Guardian, 5.
Abstract: New research finds minimum alcohol prices in Canada save lives without harming the drinks industry.
Keywords: harm reduction; government and politics; laws and regulations; alcoholic beverage distribution laws; amendment; price elasticity of demand; AOD use, abuse, and dependence; alcohol; social and economic cost of AOD; AODR disorder; alcohol poisoning; hospital; AODR mortality; AODR crime; business and industry; AOD sales outlet; international area; United Kingdom; Canada
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Henke, J. I., Goergen, D., Zheng, Y., Song, Y., Schüttler, C. G., Fehr, C., et al. (2008). microRNA-122 stimulates translation of hepatitis C virus RNA. The EMBO Journal, 27(Advance Online Publication 24; 20.11.2008), 1–11;3300.
Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive strand RNA virus that propagates primarily in the liver. We show here that the liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122), a member of a class of small cellular RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional gene regulation usually by repressing the translation of mRNAs through interaction with their 30-untranslated regions (UTRs), stimulates the translation of HCV. Sequestration of miR-122 in liver cell lines strongly reduces HCV translation, whereas addition of miR-122 stimulates HCV translation in liver cell lines as well as in the non-liver HeLa cells and in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The stimulation is conferred by direct interaction of miR-122 with two target sites in the 50-UTR of the HCV genome. With a replication-defective NS5B polymerase mutant genome, we show that the translation stimulation is independent of viral RNA synthesis. miR-122 stimulates HCV translation by enhancing the association of ribosomes with the viral RNA at an early initiation stage. In conclusion, the liver-specific miR-122 may contribute to HCV liver tropism at the level of translation.
Keywords: hepatitis C; research
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(2009). Drugs : virtually legal. The Economist, (12.11.2009), 3.
Keywords: government and politics; international area; public policy on AOD; AOD supply; AOD use; illicit drug; illegal production of drugs; drug dealing; drug trafficking; laws and regulations; drug decriminalization; Americas; United States; Europe
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(1999). Cocaine Colonialism. The Ecologist, (10/1999).
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; cocaine
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various. (1989). The Drug Policy Letter : new ways of thinking about drugs : November / December 1989 (Vol. 1). Washington: The Drug Policy Foundation.
Keywords: government and politics; international area
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Cohen, J. S. (1999, 05.12.1999; 06.12.1999). Lethal cocktail – the tragedy and the aftermath; GHB slips into families' lives, now won't let go. The Detroit News, 44.
Keywords: addiction; AOD dependence; chemical addiction; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid; United States; Detroit
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Liddle, H. A. (2010). Multidimensional family therapy : a science-based treatment system. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 31(2), 133–148.
Abstract: MDFT is a family-based intervention for adolescent substance abuse and associated mental health and behavioural problems (Liddle, 2010). Integrative in several ways, MDFT uses an ecological or contextual conceptual framework to understand the developmental tasks of teens and their families. Research-derived knowledge about risk and protective factors, and proximal causes, correlates and contributors to adolescent drug and related problems inform clinical thinking and interventions with every case. A multisystems approach, MDFT assesses and intervenes in four areas: (1) the adolescent as an individual and a member of a family and peer network; (2) the parent(s), both as individual adults and in his or her role as mother, father or caregiver; (3) the family environment and family relationships, as manifested in day-to-day family transactional patterns; and (4) extrafamilial sources of influence such as peers, school and juvenile justice. Interventions are made within and coordinated across domains. Progress in one area or with one person has implications for and use in others. Individual meetings with parent(s) and teen set the stage for family sessions, and family meetings may offer content and new outcomes that need to be brought to extrafamily meetings with juvenile justice or school personnel. MDFT was developed and tested as a treatment system rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. A treatment system offers different versions of a clinical model that vary according to factors such as clinical sample characteristics (older versus younger adolescents, juvenile justice involved versus no involvement in juvenile justice systems), and treatment parameters (type of clinical setting and treatment dose).
Keywords: adolescent; AOD abuse; family therapy; treatment and maintenance; treatment method; juvenile delinquency; research
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Henderson, C. E., Rowe, C. L., Hawes, S. W., & Liddle, H. A. (2009). Parenting practices as mediators of treatment effects in an early-intervention trial of multidimensional family therapy. The American Journal of Drug and alcohol Abuse, 35(4), 220–226.
Abstract: Background: Contemporary intervention models use research about the determinants of adolescent problems and their course of symptom development to design targeted interventions. Because developmental detours begin frequently during early-mid adolescence, specialized interventions that target known risk and protective factors in this period are needed. Methods: This study (n = 83) examined parenting practices as mediators of treatment effects in an early-intervention trial comparing Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT), and a peer group intervention. Participants were clinically referred, low-income, predominantly ethnic minority adolescents (average age 14). Assessments were conducted at intake, and six weeks after intake, discharge, and at 6 and 12 months following intake. Results: Previous studies demonstrated that MDFT was more effective than active treatments as well as services as usual in decreasing substance use and improving abstinence rates. The current study demonstrated that MDFT improves parental monitoring—a fundamental treatment target—to a greater extent than group therapy, and these improvements occur during the period of active intervention, satisfying state-ofthe- science criteria for assessing mediation in randomized clinical trials. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Findings indicate that change in MDFT occurs through improvements in parenting practices. These results set the foundation for examining family factors as mediators in other samples.
Keywords: adolescent; AOD abuse; family therapy; peer; mediation
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Smart, R. G. (1991). Crack cocaine use : a review of prevalence and adverse effects. The American journal of drug and alcocol abuse, 17(1), 13–26.
Abstract: Crack is a potent form of cocajne which results in rapid and striking stimulant effects when smoked. This paper reviews epidemiological research on the extent of use as well as reports of adverse effects. Crack is used b a small minority of adult and student populations but by a larger proportion of cocaine users and .heavy drug-using groups. Use does not appear to be increase in general popuations, but there are no trend studies for high-risk groups. Crack users tend to be young, heavy polydrug users, many of whom have serious drug abus problems. The adverse reactions to crack are similar to those of cocaine and include effects on offstpring, neurological and psychiatric problems, as well as pulmonary and cardiac abnormalities. However, two adverse reactions unique to crack have been reported. One relates to lung infiltrates and bronchospasm. The other involves neurological symptoms among children living in crack smoked-filled rooms. There is a need for improved treatment and preventive programs for crack use.
Keywords: AOD use, abuse, and dependence; aod abuse; adverse drug effect; crack cocaine; prevalence; study
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