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Author (up) Siegal, Harvey A.; Carlson, Robert G.; Falck, Robert; Wang, Jichuan url 
  Title Injection drug users' needle-cleaning practices Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication American journal of public health : official journal of the American Public Health Association Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 84 Issue 9; 09/1994 Pages 1523-1524  
  Keywords letter to the editor  
  Abstract The effectiveness of bleach in inactivating HIV in drug users’ injection equipment is in question. In a letter to the editor published in the American Journal of Public Health, Harvey Siegal et al respond to the report by Shapshak and his colleagues that a minimum of 30 seconds in bleach is needed for sufficient cleaning of the equipment. Through their own observations of 77 intravenous drug users, Siegal et al noted a great disparity in the amount of bleaching time–from 1 to 75 seconds–as well as in the methods of cleaning of the equipment. Despite the fact that the study was conducted in project offices, the results provide some evidence of how drug users really use bleach when cleaning. It is important to clearly state disinfection techniques in prevention messages that target drug users, because a few seconds’ difference can make all the difference between becoming infected with HIV or remaining uninfected.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0090-0036 (Print); 1541-0048 (Electronic) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number 50-ae Serial 59508  
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